Thursday, July 18, 2019
Is the Importance of Being Earnest a Satirical Play? Essay
With the definition of a satire being, ââ¬Ëthe use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize peopleââ¬â¢s stupidityââ¬â¢, it is ludicrous to even propose that The Importance of Being Earnest is anything other than a satirical play, as the characters relishing in the upper class of the Victorian period unknowingly mock their own habits acquired to them due to the luxury they are spoilt with. Despite this, it is evident that the use of satire is feckless and lacks a moral point of view, in contrast with the moral point expressed through satire in other Victorian plays such as Mrs Warrenââ¬â¢s Profession, which ââ¬Ëexposes the corruption and hypocrisy of the ââ¬Ëââ¬Ëgenteelââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ classââ¬â¢. Ergo, we acknowledge that the play is an ââ¬Ëinvention of a truly serious work of triviality has neither ancestors nor descendantsââ¬â¢ and was unique to its genre at that period of time, yet the frivolousness of the plot results in à ¢â¬Ëthe audience freely and genuinely laughs without quite being sure what it is laughing atââ¬â¢ ââ¬â hence The Importance of Being Earnest is indisputably satirical, but a satire that has lost its sting. Lady Bracknellââ¬â¢s view of marriage is expressed through her account of visiting Lady Harbury, ââ¬ËI hadnââ¬â¢t been there since her poor husbandââ¬â¢s death. I never saw a woman so altered; she looks quite twenty years youngerââ¬â¢; she implies marriage is a burden and that life is only regained once freedom from marriage is embraced. Such opinions are heavily satirical and ironic as Lady Bracknell is herself married, and so by praising the widower she mocks herself. It is evident from this that Wilde is ridiculing the epitomes of the upper class and their absurd attitudes to marriage, however the ââ¬Ëridiculousness of portrayed by Wilde in the play, especially when the arranged marriage idea is summed up by Lady Bracknell, ââ¬ËAn engagement should come on a young girl as a surprise, pleasant or unpleasant as the case may beââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ illustrates how deficit the satire is of a moral point of view, as Lady Bracknell continues to protest that Gwendolen will proceed with an arranged marriage despite the cruelness of her intentions. ââ¬ËThe women are portrayed as sheltered, uneducated, and some as dominating figures over the men in their livesââ¬â¢ Jamie Crawfordââ¬â¢s interpretation of the role of women in The Importance of Being Earnest alludes that the behaviour of the female characters is exceedingly antipodal to what would be expected in the Victorian era, ââ¬ËA wifeââ¬â¢s duties to tend to her husband were considered crucial cornerstones of social stability by the Victoriansââ¬â¢. There is strength to this argument as conveyed by Cecilyââ¬â¢s language when addressing Algernon, ââ¬Ëââ¬ËOh donââ¬â¢t cough Earnest. When one is dictating one should speak fluently and not cough. Besides, I donââ¬â¢t know how to spell a coughâ⬠. The juxtaposition of Cecily instructing Algernon in order to appear domineering ââ¬Å"Oh donââ¬â¢t cough Earnestâ⬠and her rebellion against receiving an education ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know how to spell a coughâ⬠elaborates the unortho dox nature of the female characters Wilde has incorporated. Thereupon, Wildeââ¬â¢s portrayal of the relationships between men and women in The Importance of Being Earnest is majorly satirical of the conventional, as by reversing the roles of authority it derides the power men traditionally uphold over women. On the contrary, Robert J. Jordan implies Wildeââ¬â¢s use of satire when illustrating social differences between men and women has ââ¬Ëlost itââ¬â¢s stingââ¬â¢ as the question suggests, by reason of ââ¬Ëeven if this satiric device is structural in the play it can hardly be a satire of great power, as the attitudes to women were modernising significantly at the period the play was writtenââ¬â¢. Consequently we observe Wildeââ¬â¢s failing in presenting a satirical view of womenââ¬â¢s role in Victorian society ââ¬â he was simply delineating the changes he perceived around him, thus supporting Eduoard Roditiââ¬â¢s interpretation and questioning whet her The Importance of Being Earnest belongs to a different genre of comedy. Previous to Wildeââ¬â¢s The Importance of Being Earnest, Victorian comedies consisted mostly of high and low comedy and of ââ¬Ëdirty or vulgar jokes, dirty gestures, and sexââ¬â¢. Hence, it is possible to suggest that contradictory to Edouard Roditiââ¬â¢s interpretation, the Importance of Being Earnest carries a moral point of view in the fact it does not exploit sex or sexual preferences to effectuate drollery; Wilde provokes laughter through mistaken identities and the consequences of ââ¬Ëbunburyingââ¬â¢ perhaps to allude that his opinions it that sexuality is not a laughing matter. Providing this interpretation is true, it is acceptable to assume that the reasoning behind the negative criticisms the drama received when first written were due to the fact critics felt appalled that a piece of writing could prove successful without it consisting of any sexual nature and hence deemed The Imp ortance of Being Earnest as, ââ¬Ëdull in comparison to other plays read over the yearsââ¬â¢. Howbeit, some critics state that ââ¬Ëthe word ââ¬Å"earnestâ⬠became a code-word for homosexual, as in: ââ¬Å"Is he earnest?â⬠, in the same way that ââ¬Å"Is he so?â⬠and ââ¬Å"Is he musical?â⬠were also employedââ¬â¢, suggesting that The Importance of Being Earnest is an expression of Wildeââ¬â¢s hatred for marriage and his fondness of homosexuality as he praises the idea of being Earnestââ¬â¢. This undoubtedly contradicts the idea that the drama is unique from other plays of itââ¬â¢s time in the fact it lacks sexual content, and indicates that whilst The Importance of Being Earnest may carry the ââ¬Ëtone of satireââ¬â¢ as Roditiââ¬â¢s argument suggests, it incontrovertibly is a form of Blue Comedy, as the moral tone traditionally associated with satirical comedy is not present, Wilde is forcing his opinions on the reader without a sufficient moral behind his beliefs. The fact the Importance of Being Earnest consists of 3 acts implies a significant beginning, middle and ending where previous feuds have been resolved and each character is content. If we are to consider the drama as conforming to a ââ¬Ëtraditionalââ¬â¢ Victorian play which ââ¬Ëtended to be of an improving nature with a central moral lesson at heartââ¬â¢, what is evidently untraditional of The Importance of Being Earnest is the rewarding of characters that have committed wrong doings ââ¬âsupporting Edouard Roditiââ¬â¢s interpretation that the drama ââ¬Ëlacks a moral point of viewââ¬â¢. If we analogize The Importance of Being Earnest with An Ideal Husband, we note the significance of the final act of An Ideal Husband in delivering the moral that that the principles of Mabel and Goringââ¬â¢s relationship demand that they defy society and revolt against what is traditionally expected of a marriage in order to achieve happiness, a final act which The Importance of Being Earnest lacks. Accordingly, it was perhaps Wildeââ¬â¢ s intention to ensure that The Importance of Being Earnest was unique by refusing to incorporate morality in order to suggest that ââ¬Ëtrue virtue is either dead, or is confined to the lower classesââ¬â¢, as supported by Algernonââ¬â¢s satirical comment, ââ¬Å"They seem, as a class, to have absolutely no sense of moral responsibilityâ⬠. The relationship between Algernon and his servant Lane is a further example of Wilde dismantling social norms by ridiculing potent characters in their own domiciles. Lane ignorantly mimics Algernon when they are discussing marriage, as despite Algernonââ¬â¢s evident refusal to discuss the matter Lane continues to revive the conversation, ââ¬Å"Is marriage so demoralizing?â⬠¦I have only been married onceâ⬠¦ I donââ¬â¢t know that Iââ¬â¢m interested in your family life.. No, Sir. It is not a very interesting subjectâ⬠, a witty satire of the traditional relationship of servant and master. Nevertheless the idea that satire throughout The Importance of Being Earnest has effectively ââ¬Ëlost itââ¬â¢s stingââ¬â¢ is still prevalent in the persiflage of Algernon and Lane, as Algernon is a character that severely lacks depth; he is regularly mentioned as eating in the drama, ââ¬Å"Eating as usual I see, Algy!â⬠which infers that he yearns for something to fill a chimerical emptiness, possibly the lack of permanent company in his life as supported by Adam Ruhlandââ¬â¢s interpretation, ââ¬ËAlgernonââ¬â¢s readiness to lie about his food consumption reveals that he is well aware that he eats other peopleââ¬â¢s food when he feels cornered, stressed, or sadââ¬â¢. The fact Algernon is ââ¬Ëwell awareââ¬â¢ of his reliance on food to provide comfort delineates his ignorant attitude towards love and marriage. It is Laneââ¬â¢s willingness to provide Algernon with food that brings about the lack of a moral point of view to their satirical relationship and supports Edouard Roditiââ¬â¢s interpretation, as he is perceptive and observes Algernonââ¬â¢s piteous behaviour yet refuses to encourage a change in him. ââ¬ËThe Importance of Being Earnest is above all an exercise in wit. There is nothing to be learned from it, no moral, no messageââ¬â¢ defines Wildeââ¬â¢s play perfectly; it is a pointless facade that attempts to provide a satirical view of Victorian society, yet due to the willingness of characters to obey the restrictions accompanied with belonging to the upper class, fails miserably. Characters such as Miss Prism and Chasuble suggest the existence of another life beneath Victorian correctness through their flirtatious mannerisms, ââ¬Å"I shall see you both no doubt at Evensong?â⬠yet their refusal to further the ir relationship due to evident class differences, ââ¬Å"I think, dear Doctorâ⬠depicts how Wildeââ¬â¢s satirical element has most definitely ââ¬Ëlost its sting due to lack of moral point of viewââ¬â¢; as the characters adhere to the conventions mocked by the satire, diminishing its efficacity. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â [ 1 ]. Oxford University Press Definitions ââ¬â http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/satire [ 2 ]. http://www.enotes.com/mrs-warrens-profession [ 3 ]. Roger Sale ââ¬â The Hudson Review, Vol.56, No.3ââ¬â Being Earnest. Published Autumn 2003 [ 4 ]. Roger Sale ââ¬â The Hudson Review, Vol.56, No.3ââ¬â Being Earnest. Published Autumn 2003 [ 5 ]. Satire & Wit in Oscar Wilde ââ¬â by Danielle N.Baxley, published 28th March 2010 [ 6 ]. Point, Counterpoint, Thrust: Wildeââ¬â¢s Pun Burying in The Importance of Being Earnest by Jamie Crawford. [ 7 ]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_the_Victorian_era [ 8 ]. Satire and Fantasy in Wildeââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËThe Importance of Being Earnestââ¬â¢ by Robert J. Jordan [ 9 ]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_in_the_Victorian_era ââ¬â Theatre in the Victorian era published 18th February 2013. [ 10 ]. Samantha (Bookworms and Tea) ââ¬â published March 29th 2011. [ 11 ]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest ââ¬â Theo Aronson, Published 23rd Feb 2013. [ 12 ]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_literature ââ¬â [ 13 ]. http://resources.mhs.vic.edu.au/earnest/background.htm ââ¬â The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Victorian Age, 2008. [ 14 ]. Adam Ruhland ââ¬â The Role of Food in The Importance of Being Earnest [ 15 ]. The Importance of Being Earnest Review- Roger Ebert, May 24th 2002
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