Minority Transfer in California Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Minority Transfer in California - Essay Example Historically, jobs offered to minorities did not require a four-year college education. Secondly, the four-year institutions were not interested in receiving minorities as students from two-year colleges. The four -year institutions mainly targeted students with Advanced Placement. This majority-minority demography who desire and need higher education is hitting colleges and universities. This maintained a two-tier system with an underlying aspect of white supremacy. In California, where 60 percent of K-12 scholars consist of minority groups, only 65-75 percent enrolls in the community colleges. According to reports, only 17 percent Latinos and 19 percent African-American scholars intending to enroll to a four- year institution manage to do so. This system locked out many of the minority students as it is different. Technical course credits were not transferable, and students could not get fee waivers. However, recommendations to revise the old transfer policies are in place (Chau 1) . Statistics indicates that, by 2025, there will be a shortage of degree holders in California. Analyses also indicate that students performing poorly in high schools transfer to community colleges and perform poorly too. ... Poorly prepared students rarely transfer. The report encourages low-performing high schools to help the students realize the challenges of developmental education (Chau 1). Racism is a noticeable aspect within the community colleges. Minority students registered less than 20 percent of all the transfers recorded in colleges. This has necessitated actions aimed at educational reform. Stakeholders involved have come together in order to streamline the system. Civil Rights Project, in its report, recommends dual-enrollment programs, which will provide a better transition between the high schools and colleges, thus expanding programs meant for college readiness. They also recommend simpler transfer processes with credit transfer uniformity. The report also indicated that colleges offering financial incentives would improve on the transfer rates. Some of the colleges have already started implementing the report (Chau 1). In January 1998, Proposition 209 terminated racism segregation in pu blic colleges and universities in the state of California. The Proposition refers to the ban on preferential treatment in learning institutes. Proposition 209 defines new diversity guidelines issued by the Justice and Education departments. Institutions find it difficult to enroll and retain historically under-represented minority (URM) youth. The number of African American and Hispanic scholars drastically dropped at four-year institutions after the year 1998. The University of California has embraced proposition 209. It has diversified efforts and developed a program that reviews the application to incorporate the barriers students have put under control. This has led to the creation of Eligibility in the Local Context program (ELC), to assist in increasing

Blood Diamond Essay Example for Free

Blood Diamond Essay The realization that there is always something bad mixed with good hit her like a tornado as she watched the movie Blood Diamond. Unconsciously she fingered the stone on her finger and wished she had not worn it. She had to blink back the tears stinging her eyes as she saw children being put to work at alluvial mines, and other workers being amputated and killed for sport. I almost choked with guilt when I remembered how I had gaily remarked, ‘Diamonds are forever,’ when my friend showed me the diamond ring her boyfriend had gotten her. We were not giggling anymore when we saw a World Vision quote†¦ ‘amputation is forever. ’ On seeing the movie, we decided that we had to do something about the conflict diamond issue. We felt so bad about not getting information concerning the origin off the diamond my friend wore, we would never know for sure whether it was a conflict diamond or not. Blood diamond and conflict diamonds are more or less synonymous terms. The UN defines a conflict diamond as a â€Å"diamond whose origin is an area which is controlled by forces that are opposed to legitimate and internationally recognized governments. The diamonds are used to finance military action to oppose the government of the day or to contravene the decisions of security council (UN,www. un. org/peace/Africa/Diamond html) Most of these diamonds have their origin in Africa with countries like Sierra leone, Liberia, Angola and DR Congo being among those most affected. Though diamonds are mined in Liberia, it offers more of a marketing and ‘supporting point’ role for the Blood Diamond trade. Civil wars in Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone are funded with diamonds that have been smuggled into Liberia which are later sold and the cash is used to purchase ammunition, guns and other weapons. Liberia has imposed some violence of its own lasting 8 years killing around 200,000and displaying thousands more (Stop Blood Diamond Organization, 2007). Reports by Amnesty International and Global Witness show that there are areas in Liberia where diamond are still mined and traded which are controlled by rebels. Worse, these have been report of links between the infamous alqaida and Liberia (Amnesty USA,2007). The 9/11 attacks have been linked to funds and weapons associated with the diamond mines of Sierra Leone. The diamonds are usually mined by civilians who are used as slaves after being caught as prisoners. The civilians, children included, work in poor conditions and are punished brutally for the slightest error. Killing for sport and amputation are regular occurrences. (Stop Blood Diamonds Organization, 2007). Some of the abducted children eventually become child soldiers. John Lahia, a 15 year old child soldier was among the victims of the war that has led to starvation, disease and war wounds for many refugees. He was wounded by an exploding rocket-propelled geradeand died of a tetanus infection, far away from medical aid that would have otherwise saved his life. The Revolutionary United Front(RUF) medics left him lying in a backwater hospital with his wounds taped for lack of better medical means to treat him. This too will be the likely fate of other combatants and all this because of the greed for diamond (Campbell,2007). A sure way to eradicate conflict diamond is to end conflict areas. Peacekeeping that aims at apprehension and removal of rebels without violation of human rights of civilians can be used to achieve this. Inernational agencies need to focus on ending hostilities so diamond production can return to the hands of the government; this will enable the countries in question to benefit from rather than be torn apart by their diamond mines. In 1999, the UN deployed a mission to deal with the problem of conflict diamonds. The Kimberly cerrtification scheme requires provision of a certificate of origin for diamonds. The aim is to cut off flow of diamonds from illegitimate sources. This process however has several shortcomings. The certificates can be forged, many diamonds can be smuggled into a dean country and even when certificates are real the officials may have been bribed. This is a reality especially because in most of the war torn countries poverty and suffering are rife. Most people will only be too glad to line their pockets with the bribes offered. Sensitizing the American Public on issues to do with conflict diamonds is another strategy. This has already began especially in the entertainment industry with such movies as Dicaprios Blood Dianond and James Bond Die another Day and Kanye West’s song, ‘Diamond are Forever’. Further flooding of the public with more information through as many avenues as possible will ensure that people are aware of the origin and human terror and suffering that comes with some diamonds. This will in turn create a low market for the diamonds, slowing down the flux of diamonds into the country. In the present situation, supply of diamond and human suffering in the country of origin have a direct correlation, decreasing supply from illegitimate sources will consequently lead to a decrease in suffering of the Africa children and civilians affected. US contributes 70%of the worlds diamond trade making it a leading customer of diamond. (VOA News, 2007). The US therefore has a role in spearheading the fight against conflict diamond. The government should insist on strengthening the Kimberley process and the Clean Diamond Trade Act. By providing more forceful support, technical aid and financial aid. African countries can be assisted to develop the Kimbeley process such that its effect is felt by the corrupt officials and rebels overseeing mining of blood diamond. The Government Accountability office has had several proposal which include spot checks of diamond companies and tracking of rough diamonds inside and outside the country of origin. (Globalwitness, 2007). These need application and immediate application. Regular checking of the progress of US wagh diamond trade statistics Is an important evaluation tool for the effect of blood diamond and assessment of how the problem is being combated. Though my friend and I are not sure of the origins of the diamond she wears on her finger we are more knowledgeable about conflict diamonds. As a result our circle of friends also know more and now most of our college is no longer ignorant about the issue. Through our campaigns we encourage people to ask about the origin of the diaomonds they are just about to buy. This means that as a nation we are thinking about and doing something in consideration of the people whose lives have been lost in the diamond trade. REFERENCES Amnesty USA Conflict Diamond retrived from www. amnestyusa. org/new/doc/diamonds-survey-text. pdf Campbell G. Blood Diamonds, Amnesty Magazine retrieved from www. amnestyusa. org/amnestynw/diamond s. html Conflict Diamond retrieved from Www. un. org/peace/Africa/Diamond. html Globalwitness, Combating conflict Diamonds,retrieved Sep 1 2007 from http://www. globalwitness. orga/pages/en/conflictdiamonds. html Stop Blood Diamond Organization, Stop Blood Diamond, conflict Diamond in Africa retrieved from www. stopblooddiamonds. org/children-of-Africa. asp VOA News US cogress Tackle Blood Diamond trade retrieved sep 1, 2007 from www. voanews. can/english/archive/2002-02/a-2002-02-4-2-us. cfm. World vision, Stop the Trade in Blood Diamond, retrieved sep 1 2007 from Worldvision. org/worldvision/stable/globalissues-conflictdiamond.

Business Intelligence :: essays research papers

Business Intelligence for competitive advantage In the beginning, businesses used information technology for automating the processes primarily to reduce labor costs. Subsequently, information technology is used for delivering information with speed and accuracy. Currently, businesses want to use the information effectively for competitive advantage to make better decisions that improve and optimize business processes, predict the market dynamics accurately, optimize forecasts to adequately maintain resources to name a few reasons. Businesses reached a critical juncture in global competition and the business intelligence capabilities and analytic prowess will play critical roles in the most competitive sectors of global economy. First of all, business intelligence analysis requires the capturing of information and storing in a single location for effective data analysis. Currently, data analysis is supported by transactional systems, business specific data marts, and other ad-hoc processes. Information is distributed making it difficult and time-consuming to access. Business teams have adapted to this environment by creating user maintained databases and manual â€Å"work-arounds† to support new types of reporting and analysis. This has resulted in inconsistent data, redundant data storage, significant resource use for maintenance, and inefficient response to changing business needs. A data warehouse comprised of disparate data sources enables the â€Å"single version of truth† through shared data repositories and standards and also provides access to the data that will expand frequency and depth of data analysis. Due to these reasons, data warehouse is the foundation for business intelligence. As a Technical Architect, I am involved in the design and development of the Enterprise Data Warehouse at Target. I and many of my colleagues worked hard to make the business case of the importance of the data warehouse and its value addition to the company.

Free Process Essays - How to Organize a Paintball Event :: Expository Process Essays

How to Organize a Paintball Event Ever dream of shooting your boss or coworkers? Perhaps you will get the chance if you offer to organize a company paintball event. It is a great way to promote teamwork and relieve aggression. Even if the coworker from hell is on the same team as you, keep in mind there is such a thing as â€Å"friendly fire† (â€Å"accidentally† shooting someone on your team). The first step is to check out local fields. Some things to look for are, the ratio of referees to players, goggle signs, barrel plugs and personality of the staff. Typically, playing fields are crowded on the weekend. Most fields will open during the week for a group of twenty or more, but do ask. Price is also a consideration; this is an expensive hobby. Expect to pay at least $85 for a case of paint, goggle rental and a paintball marker (gun) rental for a four-hour session. Preferably, try to plan the outing when the weather is comfortable. Playing in the 100 degree Texas heat would be rough on most corporate types. On the day of the event, it is best to dress in layers. Being hit with a paintball does sting. I recommend wearing gloves and a hat as handshots and headshots seem to hurt the most. Wear comfortable shoes, cleats if possible, if not tennis shoes with good tread. Most often, the playing fields are on grass or dirt surfaces. Usually fields have food and drinks for sale but to be on the safe side bring water, as dehydration is common for rookie players. The first stop after arriving at the field is the â€Å"Staging Area†. This area typically has tables to set your equipment on. After picking up the equipment from the staff, the referee will discuss how the markers (guns) work, how to fill the hoppers (what holds the paintballs) and most importantly safety issues. The first is, everyone chronographs their guns to be certain no one is shooting â€Å"hot† over 300 fps (feet per second). Secondly, always wear goggles. Eye injuries are the biggest injury risk of playing paintball and wearing goggles faithfully will prevent it. Thirdly, keep the barrel plug in the gun until the game begins. That way if your finger accidentally pulls the trigger the barrel plug slows down the velocity of the paintball and likely will not cause an injury.

Of mice and men is the story of two men George Milton and Lennie Small Essay

Of mice and men is the story of two men George Milton and Lennie Small who are two people who move from place to place in search of work. This is so that one day they can afford to buy a small farm somewhere where they can live alone and be there own bosses. George looks after Lennie because Lennie is mentally slow and he has looked after him since Lennie’s aunt died, because Lennie is mentally challenged, he tends to get George and himself into trouble because of stupid little things. They where on the run and they found a ranch in the Salinas valley California where they could work as ranch hands. Crooks, the black stable buck, was a proud aloof man who kept his distance from other people and demanded that they keep their own distance too. This was because he was black and at the time this novel was written, there was a lot of racist discrimination towards people with black skin, and so if he did mix with the others they would just make a mockery of him by using sarcasm and taunts. Crooks was obviously a very intelligent person because he controlled his inner anger towards the other people on the ranch but he was also a proud and bitter man. Proud because he never let anyone see how he truly felt and the ridicule and name calling and bitter because of the way he is treated and he passes on the hurt feeling he has to other people he thinks that there will be no recriminations from. He feels he is isolated because he is the only black man on the ranch and one of the very few black people in the entire area. Crooks is treated badly due to the racism in both the ranch and society as a whole. At the time when this story was written, the world was a very racist place and anyone with a different coloured skin other than white was treated differently. He was called a nigger and yet he was born in America so in fact, he was a true American and not a nigger, but due to him being black, he was treated very differently. He was given all the jobs that a white man would like to consider below him, i.e. cleaning out the stables. Even though the workers on the ranch did not set out to insult him deliberately, the use of the term ‘nigger’ signals to people that black men like Crooks were degraded both verbally and physically by people with white skin. Crooks was openly referred to as a ‘nigger’, which amplifies the casual racism that was directed at him by the others. Crooks bullies Lennie because he has been tormented and bullied all the time he has been able to understand the facts of racial prejudice. He is then given the chance to bully Lennie. To get Lennie’s attention he uses a subdued and convincing voice. When he gets the affect he wants he then turns to bullying and you can see his â€Å"face lighted with pleasure in his torture†. He revelled in the suffering and tribulation he put on Lennie because he is enjoying bullying instead of being bullied himself. He also likes his new level as he can only do this to Lennie because he is not a threat and it is possibly the only time he can get his own back in some small way shape of form. Crooks’ character helps to widen the theme of loneliness in the novel because all the men on the ranch would have been proud and bitter men in someway because of the work they were forced to do. In addition, the way it says that it is unusual for people to travel around in twos I think that they were used to people keeping them selves to them because at the time it was written it was the great depression and so people were sad and tended not to communicate with other people. Crooks is given the smallest most desolate room on the ranch he is made to keep away from the bunkhouse where the rest of the workers work. His room is not only his room it is sort of an equipment store a place where equipment gets fixed. He is the also the only black person on the ranch and possibly the only black person for miles, which means that he has no one of his own race to converge with. The other thing that is not on his side is that with him being black no one would believe him if any thing went wrong an example of this is when Curleys wife goes into Crooks’ room and crooks tell her to leave she replies with that she calls him a nigger ands that she could get him lynched (hanged) quiet easily, implying that she doesn’t like him and that she could do it if she was pushed. The language used to describe Crooks gives him a lack of recognition which help the author to make the reader of the novel feel sorry for Crooks and that they would just want to help him. John Steinbeck uses this to show his lack of identity and thus making him an outsider to the rest of the people on the ranch who have a full explicit description of the way they look. The lack of description of crooks makes us feel sympathetic towards him Steinbeck also uses like a sad slow old-fashioned form of writing to make you feel like he is lonely and is sympathetic towards him. Crooks is quit an important character in the novel it helps the writer convey the loneliness and solitude there must have been being a worker on a desolate ranch. Crooks is also the only person in the novel who can take part in one of the novels main themes (discrimination). It is also a good way of letting you see what life was like and the way people strived to make their life long dream come true (the American dream). After a while Crooks begins to trust Lennie and they become friends, which is another (friendship).

Presidential debates essays

Presidential debates essays This debate was focused on homeland security, and how one would better America as Commander and Chief. One of the first questions asked of the candidates was on their plan to prevent an attack like 9/11. Kerry admitted his mistakes in talking down of the war with Iraq, but he states that Bush has made the first mistake of choosing to invade Iraq. Kerry seemed to base his issues on the fact that Bush didnt promise what he promised America before he became President. Kerry alerted our attention on Bushs decision to go on to Iraq and when the true problem was with Bin Laden and Afghanistan. Kerrys constantly issued on Bushs fall on keeping his word to keep war as a last resort. Kerry basically doesnt believe Bush went on with the war in the right way. He didnt believe it was enough diplomacy. The term was Colossal misjudgment, Kerry said he would rather use the 200 billions of dollar that where placed in Iraq and give use it to support the homeland. Kerry obviously doubts Bus hs ability to get the job done, and he stated that Bushs plan for the next for year is four words, more of the same. In this debate, I believe John Kerrys main motive was to show the non-relationship of the war on terrorism and the problem with Al-Queada and Bin Laden. In counter Bush seemed to focus on our need to win and the best way for us to do this and protect the homeland, is to stay on the defense. Bush tried to base his thought on Kerrys thought of the war being the, Wrong war, Wrong place, and Wrong time. In addition to this was John Kerrys flip flopping. Bush said the goal is to become allies with Iraq and all. It seemed like George Bush tried to push this by expressing his relationship with other foreign leaders. From Bush some of Kerrys examples of flip flopping ...

Johnny Appleseed and Today’s Apples Essays

Johnny Appleseed and Today’s Apples Essays Johnny Appleseed and Today’s Apples Paper Johnny Appleseed and Today’s Apples Paper â€Å"The Apple† details the story of both the fruit, but more importantly, Johnny Appleseed, the legendary man who, two hundred years ago, crossed the Midwestern part of the country (Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana area), spreading apple seeds around in order to encourage apple trees to grow.   His real name was John Chapman, and he is said to be something of a strange man, one who was convinced of his duality with nature (he was a vegetarian, never rode horses or chopped down trees, and punished himself for hurting any creature, no matter how small, and even by accident). The author is attempting to trace Johnny Appleseed’s path across Ohio, and to discover his true reasons for planting apples.   According to science, apple seeds do not produce ‘normal’ apple trees.   Only tree cloning can do this.   Apple seeds produce terribly bitter fruit that is usually used for producing alcohol.   So, Johnny Appleseed was bringing alcohol to the colonies.   He moved continually, planting apple seeds where he knew a town would spring up in a few years, and when it did, he would sell the small apple trees for profit.   This was good business practice, as most people selling land required that the buyers plant orchards, to encourage them to keep and use their land. Sweetness is another popular reason for the apple.   Sugar wasn’t common in the frontier times, and any sweetness came from fruit.   The apple was among the sweetest.   This sweetness, of course, lent itself well to the creation of alcohol.   Alcohol was necessary, though, because it was a safer drink than water, even for children, in a time when water was often infested with cholera or worse. A man named Bill takes the author around Apple Country and shows him Johnny Appleseed’s path.   They walk across country, paddle down rivers, and look at apple trees that had been planted by Appleseed himself.   Along the way, the author continues to ask Bill biographical questions about Appleseed, such as the rumors about his child bride who left him, why he never married, and how he lived everywhere and nowhere at the same time. Today, many varieties of apples still grow, some propagated by Johnny Appleseed.   Legends of Appleseed still exist in many different areas, as the author finds out.   The apple, and the man who loved it, are still a large part of today’s folklore, and real tradition.

Essay about Beauty Is Power

Essay about Beauty Is Power Essay about Beauty Is Power Beauty is Power Fairy tales, aiming at children, focus on a moral lesson, usually clear and recognizable. However, this tale engages in an unexpected idea; women are indeed powerful and independent. Although teaching an audience about how judgment of others is based on appearance, is essential, â€Å"Beauty and the Beast†, by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, portrays actions of a surprisingly audacious woman taking no orders from a man, guiding the audience in a peculiar direction for this fairy tale. The classic story, â€Å"Beauty and the Beast†, begins with an introduction of a wealthy merchant and his six children, three boys and three girls. One of the daughters is gracefully known as Beauty, as opposed to the two other envious and malicious sisters. Due to an unexpected event, the family is left with no fortune, leaving behind a small house in the country. Disappointed and devastated, the father apologizes for his failure. Accepting the tragic event, Beauty does not show fear of being poor; however, the two sisters express great hopelessness. The story then continues with a call that requires the father to travel in hope of regaining their fortune. If prosperity is reclaimed, Beauty simply asks for a rose. After learning their wealth is truly gone, the father encounters a castle on his return – home of the ugly and terrifying Beast. The father, treated like a divine guest, decides to leave and remembers to get Beauty the rose. Catching the father in the garden, the Beast erupts with anger. In exchange for one of his daughters, the Beast offers forgiveness. Beauty steps forward, courageously, and offers her life. Once at the castle, the Beast repetitively asks Beauty to marry him; the answer is always no. Granting her wish to see her family, Beauty is able to go home and visit them, under strict rules of the Beast. Miserable and wed, the two sisters show their jealousy and anger by manipulating Beauty to stay longer than the Beastâ €™s desire. The Beast could not bear to live without her, which leads to his devastating attempt to starve himself, believing that she will not return. Surprisingly, Beauty adores the Beast and his personality – regardless of his appearance – which leads her to willingly agree to marry the Beast. Breaking the spell and transforming the Beast into a handsome prince, they live happily ever after. (de Beaumont 32–42) The traditional fairytale, â€Å"Beauty and the Beast†, illustrates the transition of the Beauty’s judgment of the Beast from a horrific and ugly creature into a compassionate and generous human. In the short story, the audience learns to accept a person for who they are and not based on their appearance. The Beast is first introduced to the reader when the father â€Å"[sees] a beast coming toward him. It [looks] so dreadful that he almost [faints]† (35). After hearing what their father has been through, his three boys want to kill the monster. Without knowing the Beast, the family jumps to conclusions, assuming the worst. The course of his transformation begins here. An act of kindness exposes the Beast’s warmer side when he tells the father to â€Å"fill [a large chest] with whatever [he likes]† and take it back home with him (35). Slowly but surely, the creature becomes more and more human in Beauty’s eyes. Terrified of the Beast, Beauty learns more about the Beast as she stays prisoner in his castle. He admits to Beauty that he knows he is kindhearted, however, still has a monstrous appearance (38). The story’s lesson becomes more apparent throughout the fairy tale as Beauty discovers the sympathetic side of the Beast. Even though Beauty is able to see through him and uncover his true identity, she thinks to herself, â€Å"it is too bad he is ugly, for he is so kind† (38). The moral of the story takes an unexpected leap because the heroine, the character one must l earn from, is confessing the truth about his looks. She, too, is guilty of judgment; however, Beauty experiences her own

Sickle cell anemia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sickle cell anemia - Research Paper Example Most people do not know the difference between the sickle cell disease and the sickle cell trait and instead they ignore all this and discover only after the baby has been screened and found to have the trait or the disease. If the mothers were aware about the sickle cell anaemia, they would go for screening but for most mothers they are not aware of the disease and they therefore cannot be educated on how to take care of themselves and their children when it comes to anaemia. Sickle cell anaemia has been said to be mostly evident in African- American women. The interview taken showed that most of them were not aware that the disease is most prominent among them and they were not aware of what to do if they are found to be having the said disease. The demographics of the sample show that most of the women who were interviewed are paid below 50,000 dollars. An interview should have been conducted that shows the search relating to those women who are paid above 50,000 dollars in order to reflect how poverty contributes to the disease. This would have shown if most of the women who are paid over 50,000 dollars have been screened and if they aware about the disease or if it is just a matter of ignorance from everyone. The sample was only focused on African -American women who earned less than 50,000 dollars. It would have been widened to include women who were not African-American so that it can be shown that the disease is mainly prone to African-American women. This would have created the distinction between other ethnic groups and tribes and the African- American women. The sample indeed showed that most of the pregnant women were not aware about the disease but this could be so because they do not receive any education regarding the disease and therefore get into relationships without knowing if they have the disease or not. Others choose not to share such information to their partners out of fear of what would happen if they gave out such information. It has b een said that most of the women fear telling their husbands that they have the disease. A sample of husbands who have sickle cell or those whose children have sickle cell should also have been included to see if they are aware of how the disease is transferred. Ignorant husband are also a contributory factor to the spread of the disease. If you take an example of the men who have sickle cell anaemia, a fraction of the men would have portrayed that most of them did not share with their wives the fact that they had anaemia. Another study would have been carried out for those husbands who did have the sickle cell disease to reflect whether they shared the fact to their wives and if they shared it what precautions they took. The spouse’s ignorance too, leads to the spread of the disease as much as it is a disease that is rampant among pregnant mothers. The knowledge of one of the spouses would have contributed a great deal if they shared the fact to their partners. Since their pa rtners do not want to tell their wives that, they have sickle cell anaemia and on the other hand, the wives fear telling their husbands this leads to a situation where the disease is only discovered while giving birth. A sample of the children with anaemia should have been taken to reveal whether the children are aware of the disease or for those who have it whether they are on medication or if they are on treatment for the same. A great risk is

India Inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

India Inflation - Essay Example High rates of inflation can have serious consequences for the economy in general. Therefore, for governments all over the world, reducing movements of prices to a minimum is seen as a primary economic objective. A wide variety of economic literature deals with the effects of inflation. The most widely discussed outcome of inflation is unemployment. In price-sensitive markets, rising prices result in businesses losing sales and thus reduced turnover. This ultimately affects employment as the firms engage in cutting manpower labor to reduce costs. Additionally rising prices during inflation create unrest amongst labor. Inflation encourages employees to demand higher wages in order to maintain their current living standards. The worst hit during inflation is the fixed income groups like pensioners. An increase in wages during inflation can fuel an additional increase in product prices. This results in a vicious circle of increased wages further increasing prices which in turn would push up the wages again. In economic terms, this 'wage/prices inflationary spiral' can have disastrous effects on any economy. (Worthington & Britton, 1997) Depreciation in the monetary value results in falling purchasing power and wipes out the past savings.

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Psychology - Essay Example rts claim that mental illness is nothing but a brain disorder like other illnesses, and there are no causes of mental illness such as ill-fated or bad deeds in the past/previous life. Analysis of the material (Corrigan & Watson, pp. 162-179, 2003) related to mental illness has indicated that mental illness has now become a usual notion in contemporary era, and most of the studies have specified that mental illness does not have a physical existence, and thus, it always required support of a theory or concept for its justification. For instance, during ancient and medieval periods, and even today in some parts of the globe, people relate magic, fate, witches, and unseen forces as causes of mental illness. Such perspective has increased the efforts of organizations and experts (Corrigan & Watson, pp. 162-179, 2003) to claim that mental illness is a brain disorder and that people with mental illness should acquire treatment accordingly rather than confront detestation, isolation, and magical interventions. Further analysis has indicated that experts (Farmer, pp. 40-46, 2001) have related intoxication of brain, and particularly, syphilis of brain as the major cause of mental illness in humans. Although very few experts (Stein, pp. 37-41, 2004) have accepted this notion, however, introduction of recent technologies in medical science has resulted in efforts made to prove such intoxications. In psychology, experts (Nestler, pp. 61-68, 2008) believe that abovementioned intoxications enforce patients to confront certain disorders in their thinking patterns that justify the unpredictable behavior of people confronting mental illness. In addition, experts have indicated that usually all types of brain disorders cause alterations in thinking and behavior patterns similar to mental illness, and thus, mental illness is a brain disorder that has been able to influence an enormous number of experts and psychologists globally. On the other hand, adversaries (Corrigan & Watson,

Common core assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Common core - Assignment Example 312 shows that 25 is greater than 12. 1+8=11-2, illustrates that the sum of 1 and 8, is equal to the difference 11 and 2. Geometry is the final topic illustrated in the book. The topic has three major subcomponents. Firstly, students are required to understand and construct shapes with several attributes. For instance, a rectangle has four equal sides with four equal angles. There are eight Mathematical practice standards, as illustrated by the P-12 common core mathematics standards. The standards aim at enhancing the teaching and effective understanding of mathematical concepts (Higgs, 2002). This paper focuses on analyzing the Mathematics practice at the second learning grade. The first standard entails understanding and striving to solve a problem. The grade two students depend on objects and pictures to effectively analyze and solve problems. For example, drawing and counting circle to assist in solving simple sums like 3+5=8. The leaner draws s circles, and then another five circles. The answer is achieved by counting all the eight circles. The second standard entails reasoning quantitatively. Quantitative reasoning involves developing adequate representation of the mathematical problem, analyzing the units involved, and knowing meaning of quantities. Quantitative aspect also entails understanding and flexibly applying several operations properties . 3+1=4, illustrates analysis of the addition unit. The third standard is making viable arguments, and also critiquing the quantitative opinion of others. The second grade learners have the ability of reasoning inductively concerning data. The students can develop arguments through applying concrete referents like actions, drawings and objects. The students can learn, read and also listen to the arguments of peers and also the teachers. The second grade students can effectively identify a

Hurco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hurco - Essay Example Hurco Inc. specializes in providing customized automated programs to the metal industry. Their products cover interactive personal computer (PC) based control systems and software to aide their machine tools (â€Å"Investors – Corporate Profile†). On the other hand, as other market players, Hurco also offers sale and aftersale service. It is important to note that where other firms in the IT industry offer products compatible with the tools and machinery used by their customers, Hurco Inc. has a primary product line comprising machinery tools meant for the metal industry, and software as a peripheral product. Their products are meant to enhance productivity and efficiency in the operations of their customers by introducing user-friendly automation. Their core competency comprises specialization in microprocessor technology and software meant for machines tools used in the metal industry. In addition, interactive programmable software patented by Hurco allows users of th eir programs to produce peripheral software that can be either made part of an actual program through blueprints or computer-aided design and ensure speedy production processes without interruption, with maximum efficiency in operations (â€Å"Investors – Corporate Profile†). ... Due to customization available according to customer’s needs, Hurco is able to cater customers all around the globe. However, they have solely focused on the metal parts industry, which makes them a niche player. Hurco’s strengths and weaknesses along with industry attractiveness can be analyzed with the help of Porter’s five forces analysis. It is important to note that Hurco’s product line comprises machine tools that are considered as capital products or goods. The cyclic nature of the industry makes manufacturers in it highly vulnerable to market changes (Hurco Inc. 2). For supplies, Hurco relies on foreign suppliers and also their own subsidiary (Hurco Inc. 24). Presence of a fully-owned subsidiary makes them less susceptible to delays that can be caused by failure of other suppliers to meet the deadline. On the other hand, buyer’s power leaves Hurco vulnerable. It is important to note that the metal tools industry is greatly dependent on econo mic conditions prevailing in the industry. Therefore, limited buyer’s purchasing power also leaves Hurco to reduce its profit margins. Hurco also faces tough competition in the industry of machine tools. There are quite a few major competitors in United States and many in other countries that have better resources and a bigger capacity of utilizing economies of scale, which makes them capable of providing products that are cheaper than Hurco’s (Hurco Inc. 7). A threat of new entrants will always be faced by Hurco, as any other manufacturer. Although Hurco has patented its programs, there are a large number of IT firms that can provide automated solutions to companies using manually operated machines such as the ones provided by Hurco, without any major

Common core assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Common core - Assignment Example 312 shows that 25 is greater than 12. 1+8=11-2, illustrates that the sum of 1 and 8, is equal to the difference 11 and 2. Geometry is the final topic illustrated in the book. The topic has three major subcomponents. Firstly, students are required to understand and construct shapes with several attributes. For instance, a rectangle has four equal sides with four equal angles. There are eight Mathematical practice standards, as illustrated by the P-12 common core mathematics standards. The standards aim at enhancing the teaching and effective understanding of mathematical concepts (Higgs, 2002). This paper focuses on analyzing the Mathematics practice at the second learning grade. The first standard entails understanding and striving to solve a problem. The grade two students depend on objects and pictures to effectively analyze and solve problems. For example, drawing and counting circle to assist in solving simple sums like 3+5=8. The leaner draws s circles, and then another five circles. The answer is achieved by counting all the eight circles. The second standard entails reasoning quantitatively. Quantitative reasoning involves developing adequate representation of the mathematical problem, analyzing the units involved, and knowing meaning of quantities. Quantitative aspect also entails understanding and flexibly applying several operations properties . 3+1=4, illustrates analysis of the addition unit. The third standard is making viable arguments, and also critiquing the quantitative opinion of others. The second grade learners have the ability of reasoning inductively concerning data. The students can develop arguments through applying concrete referents like actions, drawings and objects. The students can learn, read and also listen to the arguments of peers and also the teachers. The second grade students can effectively identify a

Equality-Voter Turnout Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Equality-Voter Turnout - Essay Example However, reparative therapies should be encouraged for gay individuals who feel the urge to change their sexual orientation. All human beings are equal and equal rights should be accorded to them for being human. With this regard, people should not be prevented from marrying whoever they want because persons are born different with varying preferences. Moreover, some gay individuals are born gay meaning that they have minimal or no control over the feelings that engulf them. Restricting such people from marrying whomever they want is an infringement of their basic human right. However, same sex marriage is against the original intention of the creator. Because of this, reparative therapies are important to help homosexual individuals, who feel that is not the life they want, to transform their sexual orientation. This therapy will help them lead normal lives and be treated the same way other men or women are treated. Further, reparative therapies should only be restricted to gay individuals who wish to change because every individual’s choice should be respected (David, 2013). Voter turnout in most of the federal remains very low. Quite a number of eligible voters do not show up at the various polling stations in the federal states. The paper provides reasons for the low voter turnout. Further, the paper gives the possible solutions likely to curb this problem. The two-step voting procedure bars citizens from voting. The registration process and the voting process happen at different times. In addition, the registration of the citizens is not a government role. Citizens are required to vote at their respective polling stations. Migration from the time of registration to voting finds other eligible voters far from their polling stations. The distance makes the voter avoid traveling hence low voter turnout. The voluntary voting leads to reduced

Tragedy and Realism Essay Example for Free

Tragedy and Realism Essay John also portrays the tragic hero in The Crucible. His hanging shows the audience incredible strength and is incredibly admirable. The role of a tragic hero is filled by this character because John has not upheld morals as well previously in his life, shown by his affair with Abigail, but makes the right decision at the end of the play, and acts as a martyr to his cause, and dies merely due to an error of judgement, such as Mary Warrens confession and his believing in Elizabeths truthfulness. The play is written to be viewed as a slice of life or using the audience as the fourth wall where the action taking place does not involve the audience at all, with no asides directed towards them and as if the audience was not involved and was looking through a window at the lives of the characters. The appearance of reality draws on several different ideas to make it effective and believable. Unity of Time and Place is not one that The Crucible uses well. However, it is said that to effectively use this technique, the action should take place in real time. A play that takes place over three hours should take three hours to view. Millers piece does not do this as it takes place over three and a half months. Despite this; in relation to tragedy, the piece works well with the unity of time, action and place. The play uses place well as it does not take the action outside of an internal space another rule of The Appearance Of Reality; using only Paris house, Proctors house, the side room to the court and the prison cell as sets. Each of these are separated by acts, with each act taking place in a different set, minimising the amount of scene changes; this allows the audience to still feel involved with the play as a piece of realism because they are areas which almost belong to one or more of the characters. An example of this is Act 2 in Proctors house belonging to Proctor, so this does not break the spell of reality for the audience. Also, Reality beyond the stage space is used to create an air of realism, but again The Crucible does not completely apply to this rule as it not only makes mention of what has just happened, such as John planting the fields, but also of the past, such as Proctors and Abigails affair. Although, despite the reference to previous events, the only mentions of them are incredibly beneficial to the plot, therefore, working in conjunction with the tragic plot line. For example, the first communication between Abigail and Paris, discuss the happenings the night before in the woods, a particularly important part to the play as it outlines the entire reasoning for the witch trials initiating. Realistic Dialogue is greatly used in order to create a sense of a different time period. Miller uses dialogue from court records of the time, taking phrases and terms to make the time period come to life. This means that the characters use 17th century terms and dialogue, making the audience quickly adapt to, and accept the time in which the play is set. Examples of terms include Goody Proctor instead of Mrs Proctor or Miss Proctor and Aye rather than Yes. This also incorporates the idea of Realistic Characters, because the characters on the stage behave and, in a sense, show that they think the same way as real people in the 1600s would. For example, it was still the natural way of life for men to go out and work the fields while the women stayed at home and bore and raised the children. The play was also set within the time period when the slave trade was still around; allowing Titubas character to be looked down upon and spoken to in the way we see Paris doing in the scene with Hale where they are accusing Tituba of witchcraft. You will confess yourself, or I will take you outside and whip you outside and whip you to your death, Tituba. This shows the extent of the slavery at the time because this phrase is not reprimanded by any of the other characters present at the time. The use of accurate language and the building of these ideas, which an audience in modern day would know are historically accurate, allows the sense of the era to come alive, challenging the audiences morals because we know that this sort of treatment is wrong, but as you become more submerged in the play, you feel as if you are there and can understand the priests actions and feelings. The sub-text of the piece is what really involves the audience and makes them feel as if they are there. For example, although it is not outline clearly in the text, we can see Elizabeths struggle with her emotions for John. Her closed presentation of her character would allow us to see that she is almost a woman scorned, angry at his betrayal, but her willingness to try and help him do the right thing shows us that she is truly hurt by his actions and truly does love him as she has stayed with him and supported him. The aspect of Elizabeth and Johns conversation that deals with Johns affair with Abigail never directly mentions the affair, it is a sub-text, left to the audiences imagination to picture what happened, as they merely talk about the way Elizabeth has acted since and how John has earned the treatment. This also builds tension between the characters in a greater sense than it would had they been open and stated the facts about the affair. This sub-text is also explored at the beginning of Act 1 when Paris asks Abigail if her name is good in the village. The whole aspect of realism is deeply written in with the involvement of tragedy, allowing some aspects of a typical realistic piece to be diminished to allow for the tragedy to be involved. 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Criticisms Of Ayers Logical Positivism And Logical Positivism

Criticisms Of Ayers Logical Positivism And Logical Positivism Ayer published Language, Truth Logic in 1936 when he was only 26 years of age. He was a part of the Vienna Circle; who were notoriously known for their philosophy of logical positivism. Logical positivism is a philosophical theory that holds meaningful only those non-tautological propositions that can be analyzed by the tools of logic into elementary propositions or are empirically verifiable. It therefore rejects metaphysics, theology, and sometimes ethics as meaningless  [1]  . In Language, Truth Logic, Ayer puts forth his own version of the verification principle. It is by this principle of verification in which these philosophers, including Ayer, assess whether or not propositions are meaningful. Furthermore it is by the principle of verification and the idea of the analytic-synthetic distinction in which the heart Ayers philosophy rests. Analytic propositions are propositions that are true or false in virtue of their meaning alone and synthetic propositions are proposition s that are true or false in virtue of how the world is. Ayers logical positivist position and principle of verification is faulty and unreliable as shown by many criticisms ranging from self-refuting nature of the principle of verification to the collapse of the analytic-synthetic distinction by Quine. To begin with, Ayers principle of verification goes as follows: a sentence is factually significant to any given person, if, and only if, he knows how to verify the proposition which it purports to express that is, if he knows what observations would lead him, under certain conditions, to accept the proposition as being true, or reject it as being false. If, on the other hand, the putative proposition is of such a character that the assumption of its truth, or falsehood, is consistent with any assumption whatsoever concerning the nature of his future experience, then, as far as he is concerned, it is, if not a tautology, a mere pseudo proposition. The sentence expressing it may be emotionally significant to him; but it is not literally significant.  [2]   In other words, a proposition is factually significant if it is a tautology or if it is possible to be empirically observed under conditions that would allow it to be rendered true or false. By wording it this say Ayer allows propositions such as there is oxygen on the planet Uranus to have factual significance because it could be possible under the right conditions to test that claim. However a claim such as God is omniscient does not have any factual significance and is nonsense in Ayers view, because it could never be verified due to God being outside of our experience. The same fate goes that of ethics and aesthetics by following Ayers principle of verification. By following this principle, one cannot say that the Mona Lisa is beautiful or that Murder is wrong because you cannot verify those things empirically. Also by assuming the Verification Principle it follows that scientific laws are meaningless statements, and are empty of informational content. The Verification Principle rules out all scientific laws, and therefore the whole of science. However Ayer tries to allow for such things as scientific laws by making a distinction between strong verification and weak verification. Strong verification refers to statements which are directly verifiable, that is, a statement can be shown to be correct by way of empirical observation. Weak verification refers to statements which are not directly verifiable but instead highly probable by means of empirical observation. However, the phrase highly probable introduces a sense of subjectivity. If one can allow for such things as scientific laws as meaningful due to them being highly probable then one can allow for such things as ethics as meaningful depending on whether you think the evidence at hand is enough to deem it highly probable. An additional criticism can be made here in regards to what is meant by empirically observable. By observable do we mean with the naked eye? If so, the concept of cells must then fal l to weak verification. However even if what was meant by observable allowed for such things as microscopes so that we did actually observe cells then what about the things in which we cannot observe at all such as black holes? We all believe there are such things as black holes but we cannot actually observe them but rather we observe the effects of black holes. Therefore, so to must black holes then fall to weak verification. Furthermore it is solely by seeing what follows from this principle of verification that one would desire to reject it. The greatest objection to the principle is that it is too much of a double edged sword; it cuts more good out of the world than it does bad. American philosopher and mathematician, Hilary Putnam, puts forth the argument that making a strong and weak distinction or an observational and theoretical distinction is meaningless. Putnam argues that making such a dichotomy is a problem from the start with four objections: something is referred to as observational if it is observable directly with our senses. An observation term cannot be applied to something unobservable. If this is the case, there are no observation terms. So to use the term observational in regard to anything we try to verify indirectly is in itself a mistake. The term is being applied inappropriately and the result is the conclusion of there being no observational terms. Some unobservable terms are not even theoretical and belong to neither observation terms nor theoretical terms. Some theoretical terms refer primarily to observation terms. This is to say that there is no clear distinction always. Reports of observation terms frequently contain theoretical te rms. Again he is collapsing the distinction here. A scientific theory may not contain any theoretical terms.  [3]   In conclusion Putnam states that following the previous objections there cannot be a distinction of observational (strong) and theoretical (weak) verification. A more moderate criticism to be made of Ayers principle of verification specifically comes from Karl Popper in his essay Science as falsification. One important fact to know about Popper is that Popper believed that scientific knowledge is provisional. That is to say, it is the best we can do at the moment. While Ayers principle of verification holds that meaningful statements are only those non-tautological propositions that can be analyzed by the tools of logic into elementary propositions or are empirically verifiable; Popper argues that such a method of verification is too strong a criterion for science and instead argues that the criterion of the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability, or refutability, or testability.  [4]   Instead of the method of verification being whether or not a statement is empirically observable, the method instead is whether or not it can be falsified. One should not try to confirm a theory as the logical positivists try to but one shou ld try to falsify it. Instead one should operate by a method of deductive reasoning. Popper states, Every good scientific theory is a prohibition: it forbids certain things to happen. The more a theory forbids, the better it is.  [5]   Following from Poppers theory of falsifiability, the more predictions a theory makes, the better it is. The strength of Poppers method is solely that it did not use inductive inference as the positivists method of verification did and therefore Poppers method did not accompany the philosophical problems that come with the positivists method and Poppers method, while being riddled with its own problems, did not claim statements to be meaningless but instead unscientific for the time being. Another means of criticism features Ayers principle itself is its own demise. When considering the principle of verification a question comes to mind. How is it that the principle of verification is verified? The answer cannot be. The principle cannot verify itself. We could test the principle empirically but to do so we need an independent test for meaningfulness. If we dont have an independent test for meaningfulness then we cant test the verification principle to see if the hypothesis fits the data. Therefore, nothing verifies the principle of verification. If the principle itself cannot be verified then it is of no importance. It is nothing less than self-refuting and the whole of logical positivism collapses upon itself. A popular rebuttal to this objection is that the verification principle is more of a meta-theory rather than a theory and does not need to be verified as it is on a different level than that of theories. Any theory could be called a meta-theory just by saying so and then avoid self refuting criticism. By saying a theory is above other theories and does not need verification does not make it so. This is nothing short of a bias for the principle and not true inquiry. Carrying on from this idea that the verification principle is more of a meta-theory is the rebuttal to be made by the logical positivists that argues logical positivism is a philosophy of science and not an axiomatic system that can prove itself. However while it may not be presented as an axiomatic system that can prove itself, it is still an axiom. It is an assertion of a way to determine meaning that is not able to be proved correct. The principle of verification requires other axioms to establish the criteria of experiential proof as a prior condition, and they cannot be proven experientially or otherwise either without begging the question. Therefore, the principle of verification is meaningless. One of the strongest criticisms to be made, if not the strongest criticism to be made, against Ayers logical positivism was made by W.V.O. Quine in his essay Two Dogmas of Empiricism. Quines Two Dogmas is often cited as one of the most important works of twenty century philosophy. Quine argued that testing a meaning were holistic and by holistic what is meant that you cannot test ideas alone by themselves. When one tests one idea you test every idea that is connected to that idea also. For example, if one tested a certain hypothesis and the data that returned was not that was to be expected that would not conclude that the hypothesis is false because something may have went wrong in testing the hypothesis. The method by which one is testing may itself be flawed and not the hypothesis. However we assume that the methods by which we are testing by are correct. These assumptions could very well be incorrect and not the hypothesis. One might argue that we can then test these assumed idea s that we have but there is no practical way that we could test all of our assumed ideas that we have while testing a hypothesis without running into an infinite regress. Quine argues that there is no scientific way to make sense of the analytic-synthetic distinction and this is the first of the two dogmas. If Quine is correct in this holism then we also test our analytic belief. However analytic beliefs are supposed to be immune from empirical testing according to Ayer! Quine argues that we have a web of beliefs in which all of our beliefs make contact with the world through experience which is to say our analytic beliefs are indeed subject to falsification. For example when testing a hypothesis such as Grass is green, we are not just testing that, we are testing everything that this idea is connected to. If it turns out that grass is not green we might revise one of our other hypotheses such as are our eyes working properly or are we looking at grass. Even analytic beliefs may be revised as such has happened in modern physics with quantum physics and non-Euclidean geometry. It is not impossible to revise our analytic beliefs and if we are testing these and they are not true by definition and are by experience then the analytic-synthetic distinction collapses which is fatal for logical positivists such as Ayer. To summarize, as a logical positivist, Ayer held to a principle of verification that stated a proposition is factually significant if and only if it is a tautology or if it is possible to be empirically observed under conditions that would allow it to be rendered true or false. This principle of verification is not only an impractical philosophy to follow due to its renouncement of ethics, aesthetics and science but it is also a self-refuting one due to the principle of verification being unable to be verified and not being a tautology. It is because of these reasons that Ayers principle of verification and logical positivism as a whole be rejected.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

A wise person once said something to this effect: "Quotes are just another way of masking one's true feelings." I'd tell you the person who wrote it, but I can barely even remember it word for word. It's funny I crossed paths with this quote just days before I was informed I would be speaking at commencement. Someone or something, maybe a higher power, meant for this quote and I to meet. The irony of the whole situation is that the author's quote was turned into a quote, which is most likely the opposite of their intentions. My reasoning for bringing up this situation is simple. When first given the task of writing this speech, I was at a loss for ideas. Mr. Troll told me to begin with a quote or say something profound - a task that was a lot easier said than done. In all honesty, it was such a hard task that it kept me thinking until the night before the speech was due, which is when I actually began working on it. All of a sudden I remembered, "What about that quote that disses quotes!?" Then it hit me - take it and run. Instead of disguising my voice with fancy, long words I don't even understand, I decided to just be me. After all, me is really all I can be. I'm going to make my own quotes with the help from a few so someone can bite from my original thoughts, not vice versa. People kept telling me to find a central topic to focus on and work around. Yeah, I tried that, but of course, it didn't work. So I eventually decided to say whatever came to mind. This is how I came to recite the words, which are now flowing through the complex workings of your inner ears. Freshmen year was a blast. As soon as I walked through the doors of the hallowed halls of Kennedy, I knew all would be fine. Before entering I was told man... ...s not trying to ruin my life or make me hate him, he was only trying to mold me into a successful student. I will forever be grateful to him for doing what he did. Some call it making one tough, others call it tough love, but I call it devotion. He was so devoted to my education that he would not let me slip up. For this, I would like to say thanks. Thanks Vick! I owe you one. In conclusion, I want to say that I hope you take something away from the words I have said. If you do, great, and even if you don't, I'm not worried because it is not the end of the world. To the graduating class of 2003, I have one final tidbit to say: "We made it, and no one can take this day away from us." The very last thing I have to say is, "Thanks Mom! One day I'll be able to invest in you all that you have invested in me. I mean that both financially and emotionally. I love you!" Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address A wise person once said something to this effect: "Quotes are just another way of masking one's true feelings." I'd tell you the person who wrote it, but I can barely even remember it word for word. It's funny I crossed paths with this quote just days before I was informed I would be speaking at commencement. Someone or something, maybe a higher power, meant for this quote and I to meet. The irony of the whole situation is that the author's quote was turned into a quote, which is most likely the opposite of their intentions. My reasoning for bringing up this situation is simple. When first given the task of writing this speech, I was at a loss for ideas. Mr. Troll told me to begin with a quote or say something profound - a task that was a lot easier said than done. In all honesty, it was such a hard task that it kept me thinking until the night before the speech was due, which is when I actually began working on it. All of a sudden I remembered, "What about that quote that disses quotes!?" Then it hit me - take it and run. Instead of disguising my voice with fancy, long words I don't even understand, I decided to just be me. After all, me is really all I can be. I'm going to make my own quotes with the help from a few so someone can bite from my original thoughts, not vice versa. People kept telling me to find a central topic to focus on and work around. Yeah, I tried that, but of course, it didn't work. So I eventually decided to say whatever came to mind. This is how I came to recite the words, which are now flowing through the complex workings of your inner ears. Freshmen year was a blast. As soon as I walked through the doors of the hallowed halls of Kennedy, I knew all would be fine. Before entering I was told man... ...s not trying to ruin my life or make me hate him, he was only trying to mold me into a successful student. I will forever be grateful to him for doing what he did. Some call it making one tough, others call it tough love, but I call it devotion. He was so devoted to my education that he would not let me slip up. For this, I would like to say thanks. Thanks Vick! I owe you one. In conclusion, I want to say that I hope you take something away from the words I have said. If you do, great, and even if you don't, I'm not worried because it is not the end of the world. To the graduating class of 2003, I have one final tidbit to say: "We made it, and no one can take this day away from us." The very last thing I have to say is, "Thanks Mom! One day I'll be able to invest in you all that you have invested in me. I mean that both financially and emotionally. I love you!"

The Milky Way :: Essays Papers

The Milky Way http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/messier/more/mw_sky.html The Milky Way is the home of our Solar System along with at least 200 billion other stars and planets. It contains thousands of clusters and nebulas. It is the home of nearly all the objects of Messier’s catalog that aren’t their own galaxies. The mass of our giant galaxy is somewhere between 750 billion and one trillion solar masses. The diameter is estimated to be about 100,000 light years. The galaxy has three main components: a disk, in which the solar system resides, a central bulge at the core and an all encompassing halo. The disk of our galaxy exhibits it’s spiral structure and is part of the prominent nuclear region which is part of a notable bulge/halo component. http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/gal_milky.html The Milky Way is categorized as a Hubble type Sb or Sc spiral. It is unclear if the galaxy has a bar in its spiral so that is why its classification is unsure. The image above is that of the spiral galaxy M83, which is thought to be similar in size and shape to our Milky Way, causing some to classify our galaxy as a Abbc type spiral. The bright ban of light seen at night, is usually what is referred to as the Milky Way. The bright plane is actually the disk of our galaxy. The disk is composed of mostly Population 1 stars, which are blue and fairly young, which range between a million and ten billion years old. The disk of our galaxy has four spiral arms, which contain interstellar matter, diffuse nebulae, and young stars and open star clusters emerging from that matter. The spiral arms are also where the active star formations take place. The arms are approximately 300 pc thick and 30 kpc in diameter. The red stars, or the older stars, in our galaxy are located in the bulge component, which is the center of our galaxy. These Population II stars are thought to be 10 billion years old. The bulge component also contains the globular star clusters. It is estimated that our galaxy has about 200 globulars, but we know about 150. These globular clusters are consolidated toward the Galactic Center. Harlow Shapley concluded that the center of the Milky Way lies at a cpnsiderable distance in the direction of Sagittarius.

Different Techniques For Providing Fresh Water To Arid Regions Of The World

IntroductionThe problem of water every year is becoming increasingly important, forcing scholars and political scientists talk about the inevitability of future conflicts over ownership of this strategic resource. Indeed, the population in the Middle East and Africa is growing at a rapid pace, and the sources of the water almost as quickly exhausted. Arid climate, uncontrolled population growth and other factors make water a truly â€Å"transparent gold » XXI century. Stocks worldwide oceanic and continental waters are 1.5 billion cubic kilometers; they are extremely high salt content and are not suitable for drinking. The share of fresh water in the world's total water is 2.53% or 31-35 million cubic kilometers. But those waters enclosed by the glaciers, which are in the form of air and soil moisture in the underground seas, are not available for development.Thus, humankind has conditionally 0.3% or 93.0 thousand cubic kilometers fresh water, which could be used for industrial an d economic goals. (USGS, 2011) According to figures published in August 2004 in a joint report by the World Health Organization and UNICEF more than one billion people still use unsafe sources of drinking water. Those most at risk are developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa area. African Bank experts estimate that for a radical improvement of rural water supply for the people of Africa to 2015 need to find at least $ 10 billion. In this case, 80 percent of Africans will be able to enjoy clean water, while continuing to be as massive investment in 2025 to normal water around the black continent.As pointed out by the International Water Management Institute, to solve the problem of water, it is needed to take urgent measures. In particular, to build reservoirs, use the rainwater harvesting, etc. The most acute problem of water shortage is for Africa and Asia as an arid regions and the purpose of this essay to provide and compare two possible way of solution such as desa lination and recycling.Backgroundâ€Å"Globally, water consumption over the past 100 years has increased by six times and will double again by 2050. Some countries have already run out of water and cannot produce food. The consequence will be even more widespread water shortages and soaring prices for this resource â€Å", – said the director of the International Water Management Institute Frank Rijsberman. (APEC  Water, 2011)Population(FAO Water, 2012)In the twentieth century the world's population has tripled. During this period, the consumption of fresh water has increased in 7 times, including at the municipal water needs in13 times. With this rise in consumption become the lack of water resources in many regions of the world. According to the World Health Organization, more than two billion people in the world today suffer from a shortage of drinking water. In the next 20 years, given the current trends of population growth and the world economy is expected to increa se demand for fresh water for at least 100 cubic kilometers per year.Water sources(IMSD, 2012)The 97% of water in our planet is saline water, the other 3% is fresh water. The surface water resource consists of ground water (30.1%), icecaps and glaciers (68.7%), and others (0.9%), such as water vapor and clouds. The biggest part of water that is used is found in lakes (87%), swamps (11%) and rivers (2%). Unfortunately, water problem in Asia and Africa are closely related to another equally important problem as food. Arab countries annually spend $ 50 billion just for agricultural irrigation. As the Minister of Egypt Water Resources Mahmud Abu Zeid said by 2025 90% of the Arab countries would fall below the â€Å"poverty of water resources.† To prevent this, need for a unified Arab strategy of water use. (5th World Water Forum Secretariat, 2009)Options of solutionsIn the oil-rich Arab countries went through the right, but expensive, deciding to allocate billions of dollars annu ally for the desalination of sea water. By some estimates, the Arabian country's now use about 70% of desalinate water.( NRC, 2010) However, the governments of most countries in Asia and Africa, such costs obviously can afford. Another way to save water is recycling. For example, for many years in Singapore does not throw waste water into rivers and the sea. All dirty water is recycled and cleared. Singaporeans are not only purifying sewage water. They desalinate sea water  and collect rainwater.DesalinationThe UN agencies, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the National Organization of more than 15 countries are engaged in desalination of ocean and sea water. This allows the most efficient way to absorb the wealth of the ocean water. Desalination of salt water is perspective because a large numbers of arid areas adjacent to ocean coast, or are close to it. Thus, ocean and sea water are raw materials for industrial use. Nowadays exist about 30 ways to of desalination of sea w ater. All methods of turning salt water into fresh water require more energy.In general, the share of electricity accounts for about half of the cost of desalination, the other half goes to the maintenance and depreciation of equipment. So, the cost of desalinated water depends mainly on the cost of electricity. (FWR, 2011) However, where is a lack of fresh water and exist the conditions for the desalination the cost factor recedes into the background. In some areas desalination is environmentally advantageous than bringing water from far away. Desalination of salt water is developing quite rapidly. As a result, every two or three years, the total capacity of installations doubled.RecyclingCleaning and recycling of industrial water is a key point in the cycle of water supply and sanitation. Standard cleaning contaminated industrial water will significantly improve the quality of water before re-use and avoid inappropriate use of potable water and a costly drain collection system in municipal wastewater. (Anglogold Ashanti, 2010) A problem that can be found this denial by people using of purified sewage water as the main source, but in the world there are countries which do not enjoy much of a choice.The only salvation for those countries is recycling water plants. In the case of the location on the coast, desalination is the option but if the sea is far and the country cannot afford the costs of desalination the recycling sewage plants is the good choice. Water passes membrane cleaning and disinfected with ultraviolet light: it is sufficient for industrial use. That portion of the water that goes into the water, further purified and mixed with water reserves in reservoirs, which are filtered and supplied to the taps.For instance, in Egypt they have Nile River and use its water but dirty water is  drained from the waste back into the Nile. (Ecopreneur, 2011) This kind of water cannot substitute drinking water but will significantly reduce the cost of transpor tation of drinking water and provide an opportunity for the use of recycled water in industry and agriculture for arid regions.ConclusionNowadays Asia, the Middle East and the most part of Africa has unstable supply of fresh water. Over the past forty years, the number of fresh water at the rate per person decreased by almost 60%. The main consumer of water is agriculture. Nowadays this sector accounts for over 85% of all available fresh water. Needs are increasing and the amount of water decreases. Today, almost 2 billion of people in more than 80 countries have a limited supply of drinking water. By 2025 nearly 50 countries with a total population of 3 billion people will face water shortages. (World Bank, 2007)Even with the abundance of rain that falls in China, a country half the population is not provided properly with drinking water in the regular mode. In such an acute shortage of fresh water is becoming especially popular desalination and water recycling as an alternative wa y to recharge. For the health and tone, people need clean and fresh water. Crude raw water is the cause of many human diseases, so people should not drink it. Water treatment is one of the most promising solutions to meet the needs of the population in the drinking water because groundwater resources are reduced, and rivers and lakes are on the verge of its existence.The ability of countries to solve problems related to climate change, and the issue of water, in particular, like many in the Middle East, is directly dependent on the will and determination of the political leadership of the region. (STS, 2012) Once, the King Hussein of Jordan argued that â€Å"the only question that Jordan would plunge into a war – is water.† The same opinion is shared by the former UN General Secretary, Boutros Ghali, the Egyptian, stated that â€Å"the next war in the Middle East will be over water.†

Frankenstein, or his Creation? Essay

Frankenstein is a gothic novel written by Mary Shelley in a writing competition between friends. Mary Shelley’s life may have greatly influenced what happened in the text and which character the sympathies of the reader were aimed at. Her mother died because of complications with the birth of Mary, and at 16 Mary eloped with the writer/poet Percy Shelley, together they had four children but three of them died. After the first child died Mary had a dream in which she had brought the child back to life by warming it near the fire. These events in Mary Shelley’s life may have influenced her writing, for example the dream about giving life to the dead child links to Victor Frankenstein’s ambition to create life. The story of Frankenstein is told through three narratives, Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and the Creature. This therefore enables the story to come from the characters themselves but this can make the story very biased, although this may be true we are still able to see where the sympathies lie. Although we see Victor as a suffering, lonely man we also clearly see that he is egocentric, unsympathetic and irresponsible where as the Creatures violent, unjustified killings are countered by his childlike, innocent approach to the world surrounding him. Starting by looking at Victor Frankenstein and where the sympathy can be placed on him, then moving on to look at the sympathies for the creature, it will be possible to see which character in the story has the most sympathy. The story begins in the remote icy wildness of the Pole; this strange setting prepares the reader for the story that is to unfold. Throughout the story we can see what Frankenstein was like and can discover whether the reader can have sympathy for him. Frankenstein was obviously a genius as he created the creature through his own brilliance and ambition. Its understandable that his creation was a scientific experiment, it was not brought into the world to be loved or sympathised with. Frankenstein believed that bringing life into an inanimate object would benefit humanity it was not his fault that it went wrong. After he created the creature and realised that it was a big mistake he demonstrates a sense of remorse for his actions and feels guilty about creating the monster. Even as the monster gained life it obvious to see that Frankenstein was drained of it, â€Å"I was lifeless, and did not recover my senses for a long time. † This shows that Frankenstein could not possibly have cared or taught the creature as he was ill for a long time yet when a woman gives birth she may feel lifeless and be ill but she still cares for and loves her child. Frankenstein could not have been responsible for the monsters actions as it had its own freewill, and as a result of this Frankenstein suffered many losses, not only family but friends, health and peace of mind. The creature was slowly killing Frankenstein. Although Frankenstein demonstrated that he thought he was like god as he was creating life, â€Å"a new species would bless me as its creator and source†. Victor Frankenstein gave no sympathy or love to his creation. The creature was forced to explore the world on its own and was not given any teaching. Frankenstein created the creature for selfish achievement and deserved everything he got afterwards. Although he lost family members because of the creature, he was responsible for its actions and it was his fault, through lack of love and caring, that it went to murdering people as a result of this. The creature on the other hand was brought into the world with no parents, and no one to teach or love him. He had a childlike understanding of the world in which he was created; we can see this in the creature’s narration when he calls bird, â€Å"little winged animals†. As well as receiving no formal teaching he suffered prejudice and rejection of society due to the repulsive appearance and grotesque image that’s his creator, Victor Frankenstein, had given him. The Creature was full of friendliness and sensitivity yet this was destroyed by the unfairness and rational behaviour of both Frankenstein and every other person he came across. The murders he committed could be justified by the lack of understanding of the world and society. After leading a life of unhappiness he destroyed himself. We can see from these two sides of the story that although the Creature was a murderer his reasons for murder could be justified. Victor Frankenstein’s reasons for abandonment and egocentricity however were not. There may be many points of sympathy for Victor Frankenstein but each point is countered by a reason that’s unsympathetic. However the creatures sympathy points were not countered by unsympathetic points, thus this leads to believe that the sympathies of the reader were aimed at the Creature and the wasteful, unloved for life it led. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Personal Statement - Essay Example I had the great opportunity to work at Glorysky Group and Macau Natural Gas, both of which have provided me with intensive training as well as a valuable opportunity to implement my skills and knowledge from my studies. I conducted research in the global energy market and compiled regular reports regarding energy price fluctuation, which I presented to the group’s executive managers. My research has provided my supervisor with credible information about various topics, ranging from price volatility to anticipated profits due to fluctuations in international LNG demand. Furthermore, I was involved in the provision of risk-hedging strategies to Macau Natural Gas, mainly on interest rates and exchange rates, which are the company’s major concern. My research and strategy has contributed valuably to future funding plans, as well as to discovering the best market opportunities. These experiences contribute majorly to my research proposal. Furthermore, to ascertain competence in this field, which lies outside my economics curriculum, I have endeavored to gain some additional qualifications more relevant to the field of risk management. For this purpose, I studied and passed the Professional Risk Manager (PRMTM ) designation. To enhance skills on the same, I have studied and passed the Chartered Financial Analysis Program (CFA), level 1 and the Financial Risk Manager Program (FRM), level 1. These external studies are achievements that distinguish me from the other candidates; since a significant amount of extra time and effort has been invested in gathering academic knowledge as well as work experience. Initially, choosing my focus of research between agriculture and energy presented quite a challenge for me, since these are currently the two most forthcoming scarcity issues concerning economists. I have confirmed, however, that my interest is greatly biased towards energy rather than the alternative, as I discovered after traveling the world. Additional ly, â€Å"Oil on the Brain† by Lisa Margonelli was a true inspiration for me. She indicated that studying a subject is beyond the scope of simply reading text from books and that personal experience is equally important. Fortunately, I have friends and relatives scattered in various industries across the globe, and thus, I was able to gain exceptional access to restricted mining sites to explore the exciting scenes. In particular, Lisa Margonelli mentioned some of the scenes in her books; sights that could get anyone amazed and completely addicted. My trip to Alberta last year was only the start of my journey. The joint venture of Macau Natural Gas and Sinopec will grant me unlimited access to various energy plant sites in Asia, particularly Mainland China, which will thus be my plan for this year. Furthermore, I believe that I have comprehended my weakness explicitly, which makes my progression to graduate studies essential. My major techniques for measuring price prediction s are through econometrics and mathematical modeling, while employing specific programs, making it limited yet efficient. MSc Economics was also vital to intensify my econometrics modeling. Furthermore, having a better understanding in macroeconomics provided me with a bigger picture of the world economy and with sophisticated quantitative skills. An MSc in Finance on the other hand provided me with the better

Information Systems Has Revolutionized the Way We Work Essay

Information Systems Has Revolutionized the Way We Work - Essay Example The government employees and other officials that actively participate within the e-government program have also witnessed significant change in their work and delivery of services (Chadwick, 2006). The development of e-government framework and platforms has been necessitated by the need to improve citizen participation in government service delivery charter. The need for more citizen participation has been enhanced by the current democratization that has witnessed more and more citizens getting involved in the activities of their governments. The participation of citizens in the government activities occurs at different fronts and this has been necessitated by the current advancements in information systems (Axelsson & Melin, 2008). Most countries have implemented the e-participation program and this has improved the overall service delivery to the public. The first country to implement an e-government program was the United States, which worked towards developing a platform that it s citizens could interact by government officials at different levels. Other countries such as the United Kingdom and countries in Europe have also followed suit and integrated the applications of information systems into the programs (Farrell, 2011). The development of portal systems in the United Kingdom has been necessitated by the discovery of the internet and more advanced computer applications. Through the portal U in the country, government employees have been empowered on how to monitor environmental degradation from their workstations. This portal enables the workers to identify sectors of the economy with the highest greenhouse gas emission in the country and respond diligently. It also provides a platform for the public to register their concerns over the... This report stresses that information system has completely revolutionized the way we conduct business, interact with the government, do politics and search for jobs. Today the world is a one stop shop where at a dial of a button, an individual is connected to different people across the globe. Through the advancements in information systems, government has been opened for increased citizen participation in different aspects of government functionality. Information systems has also led to the advancement in the use of the internet which has provided room for the improvement in different business activities and communication between organizations and their consumers, business partners and suppliers. The development of information systems has significantly changed different avenues including how we deliver our jobs, live our lives and interact with our friends. However, this technology has produced insignificant revolutionary experience to how work is done generally. This paper makes a conclusion that despite the lack of revolutionary impact on the way we work and conduct businesses, information systems has significantly changed our lives and made work relatively easier. The speed of communication and the nature of conducting business transactions have been improved as compared to the years before its introduction. This paper has discussed how the advances in information systems have affected our lives and how it has advanced service delivery and citizen participation in e-governments.

Natural Gas Boiler Plant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Natural Gas Boiler Plant - Essay Example Stack gas analysis sought to find the composition of the stack gas, proportion of excess air, the average capacity of stack gas heat, composition of fuel, inlet and outlet temperatures and air to fuel ratio. A gas combustion analyzer was used to achieve this objective together with computation of various equations as follows. A bomb calorimeter could be defined as a device for measuring energy which combusts a specified amount of fuel in excessive air, comparing it to a baseline fuel which is of known calorific value. This would be achieved by measuring the change in temperature after a settling time in a given quantity of water. From this, the fuel calorific value would be computed from the ratio difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures. Determining the overall efficiency of the natural gas boiler called for arranging the collected information numerically. Efficiency was first determined using the input vs. output method. In this method, the energy input into the boiler (making use of fuel mass flow rate and calorific value) and that output from the boiler (making use of steam and feed water enthalpies and steam mass flow rate) would be compared. This method yields equation (ii). Alternatively, the efficiency of the boiler could be determined through the heat loss method. This has two major components: the first employs stack gas heat capacity together with the input and output temperatures; while the second uses the heat lost through radiation and convection. Equation (iii) represents this method. After weighing the fuel, it would be placed inside a crucible. This would then be dipped into an oxygen-filled bomb under a pressure of about 35 atmospheres. This bomb would then be placed into a container with predetermined amount of water. This container would then be placed inside a jacket. The impellor on the lid of the jacket ensures that heat is evenly distributed throughout the water while the thermometer

How the Internet Has Affected Communication Behavior Essay

How the Internet Has Affected Communication Behavior - Essay Example From the essay it is clear that prior to the Internet were video games, which over time became more and more sophisticated. The social impact of video games spawned a plethora of studies on human behavior and interaction, especially regarding young people and families. As the Internet began to take hold, people began to be able to communicate and play games over long distances, in real time. It was felt that this activity interrupted family and social life. This study proposes to further examine how the internet is changing the way people communicate with each other on an everyday basis, both for better and for worse. Internet use decreases social interaction. According to a recent study by Stanford University, frequent Internet users report a drop of 15% in traditional social activities, and as much as a 25% drop in use of the phone for talking to friends. While this may be startling at first, history reflects that increased use of the telephone also decreased personal visiting and social activities. There are many variables affecting increases in social Internet use, such as savings in long distance telephone calls and less time spent in the car. This could be interpreted as social isolation if one is simply looking at the numbers and not the reasons behind the numbers. A discouraging report indicated that only 22% of Internet users of two or more years had ever made a new friend online. While this study downplayed the potential value of online friendships, it also encouraged more rigorous study in the area of balance between online communication and person-to-person communication.... 5), frequent Internet users report a drop of 15% in traditional social activities, and as much as a 25% drop in use of the phone for talking to friends. While this may be startling at first, history reflects that increased use of the telephone also decreased personal visiting and social activities. There are many variables affecting increases in social Internet use, such as savings in long distance telephone calls and less time spent in the car. This could be interpreted as social isolation if one is simply looking at the numbers and not the reasons behind the numbers. A discouraging report (Scott Sleek, 1998) indicated that only 22% of Internet users of two or more years had ever made a new friend online. While this study downplayed the potential value of online friendships, it also encouraged more rigorous study in the area of balance between online communication and person-to-person communication. A more recent study (David E. Rohall, et.al, 2002) looked for links between Internet usage and self esteem issues in the realm of person-to-person contact. Again, further research was encouraged, yet the outcome of the study was much more positive. This could lead us to believe that as use of the Internet is integrated into everyday life, a balance could create itself simply through adaptation and users' natural inclinations. These examples provide a clue as to the concerns of our society in terms of interrelationships; it is indicated that in the dawning days of the internet there was trepidation regarding how internet communication would affect person to person communication, yet research has shown that much of the communication taking place by email and chat rooms on the part of college students and others took place within the context of an already existing social

Germany's Holocaust Memorial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Germany's Holocaust Memorial - Essay Example Then there are those who argue that the site is not Jewish enough, since it lacks obvious Jewish religious symbols (Eisenman, 2006). An advantage for having the information center within the site is to harmonize, the concept of the memorial site with individual documentation concerning the Holocaust victims and their families. Hence, visitors do not just get to express their somberness, but they get to learn more about these victims and understand how typical they were through their biographical details. Furthermore, the information center assists in the broader documentation and education of universal concerns of genocide. The downsize of the information center is that, it can be perceived as presenting a new thought of memory, discrete from nostalgia, more of a public relation gimmick. The US does not have a permanent national memorial for victims of slavery, and the genocide of American Native Indians. Currently, the proposed museum for slavery has stalled entirely, while the native Indians have the national museum of American Indians at the national mall (National Mall,

Computer Communications & Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Computer Communications & Networks - Essay Example However, in order to examine the processes, methods and techniques, we must first understand the TCP/IP protocol suite itself. Considering Internet Protocol (IP) first is vital because the rest of the TCP/IP suite is constructed on the IP. Likewise, it is also called as a mechanism that is incorporated for data packaging, transferring and routing via TCP/IP internetwork (Kozierok 2005). Moreover, IP is also involved in constructing and packing all data grams in a similar fashion while managing them between devices in an intelligent way. Before getting into more detail, the prime objective for having a network, internetwork and TCP/IP suits is to empower and enable networking application. For online accessibility, these applications are now operational via web browsers. For instance, anyone wants to upload pictures, multimedia contents to share with family, similarly, chatting with friends and colleagues from Internet Relay Chat (IRC) applications. In general, a common interface is no w reachable for making communication purposeful. Accordingly, student portals are now developed and considered as an efficient educational interactive interface for universities and colleges. Likewise, apart from some examples given previously, student portals are advanced application bundled with many features and applications supports education and learning activities. In the next section, we will explore networking concepts for a student portal named as ‘X-stream server’ accessed by a student from a remote location. The X-Stream Server The first section i.e. the internal semantics will focus on connectivity of a computer internally as critical components of the computer network must be examines by a holistic approach as every component contributes to the heterogeneous system (Olifer, 2005). If anyone wants to access the X-stream server from the home computer, it must be connected to the Internet. The simplest of troubleshooting steps incorporates the ‘ping†™ command. The syntax of the command will be ‘ping (space) (destination address)’, executes via command prompt. Likewise, ‘tracert’ command can also be used to give an illustration of delays from source to the router along with end to end connectivity to and from the destination (Ross 2009). However, many devices and protocols are integrated for maintaining and identifying the computer and sustaining connectivity. The first point of interest in addressing internal semantics is Ethernet. It is considered to be the most popular Local Area Network technology that is implemented globally (Ethernet. 2007). The Ethernet connects with a shared transmission medium called as twisted pair or a cable with a multi-port hub, switch or a bridge. Most commonly, an Ethernet switch or a DSL router + Switch is most common. A typical Ethernet frame comprises of six parameters i.e. Preamble, destination address, Source address, type, data and CRC (cyclic redundancy checking) . The preamble is responsible for synchronizing clock rates for the recipient and the sender. Address is usually six bytes in size and is responsible for identifying frames as per the sender and receiver address, it transmits the data in network layer protocol. However, if the match is not made, it discards the frame. Likewise, the type indicates the protocol type. Normally it