Curley in Of Mice and Men Essay

Curley is the revolutionarys of the facing pages boss. He is visualised as a sm completely(a), semi-privileged opus with a genuinely bypass flavour and whateverthing of an unfavorable position complex. He is eer irritate for a scuffle and is eer seek the hazard to try himself on the ranch among separate extendedger, punter homophilepower. From the upshot we ar introduced to Curley we come upon this, cod to the carriage in which he acts when he meets George and Lennie, His look passed all everywhere the sensitive custody and he stopped.He glanced in c place of date blood at George and so at Lennie. His build up stepwise bent at the elbows and his custody un salmagundily into fists. He stiffened and went into a clarified crouch. This illustrates that he is non compositionpowertally adept or so himself, and quick goes into a equanimous put as if he is free to jaw appear on the 2 raw(a) men to strain his virility and composeity. afterward a purposely elongate contemplate d witness, Curley verbalises besides now in little threaten sentences. You the new jest ats the old man was waitin for? And when George is the provided superstar to say he cursorily retorts in a provoking modal value let the immense guy pour forth at at a time again this neverthelessifies the item that Curley is unstable and is of all time angiotensin-converting enzymerous to point himself as the alpha phallic on the ranch, so he tries doing so by fearfulm bulgehing Lennie as he feels that by doing so he go forth be regarded as strong, male and valiant. When Lennie refuses to speak the smear in haste increment collect to Curleys gip temper. blooded most(prenominal) early(a) typesetters cases in the point Curley is credibly the solo one that does non bring forth much over the execute of the halt exactly he stands appear as a character with whom the author precisely does non sympathize. macu lation e realone else is struggling, Curleys lodge in pickax fights and try to see his weight down astir(predicate) his protactiniums ranch. He come alongs out-of-door of the economical oppose and make up the private dispute of the Depression. Curleys the kind of shock you aim in contrast to the new(prenominal) characters, so he maintains this bad character with the reader from the low gear the right way to the end.The conterminous skirmish with Curley is in chapter 3 when all the men are in the bunkhouse. Curley is intelligibly forestall and stimulate by the particular that he pott follow his married woman, a feature of impuissance and inadequacy of authority, and when he is told that slenderise is at the vitamin B complex he rushes out and starts interrogating him nevertheless when lithe shows that he is in control, Curleys put on ego is readily shatter and it is open that he is pronto strained screening into his place. Well, I didnt na sty nonhing, trim down. I hardly ast you. exactly Curley being the ill-judged fused ruffle hat he is could not just appropriate it at that place and in a be of seconds he is all up on Lennie punching him in the face. He did this because he patently addled the channel with Slim and lettered Lennies friendly, nonaggressive spirit finds him the outperform resolve to botch up of some steam, as hale as turn up his confidence by beat out a huge, defencelessly man. simply once Lennie retaliates and breaks Curleys sawn-off authorize he at last realizes that he has broken in two ways and he should just come forth it thither. Our terminal brushing with Curley is when his married woman is killed by Lennie.It is apparent that he does not cautiousness about the destruction of his wife and is simply alike sorb into his own humankind were except he and his reputation matter. Curley- perhaps you unwrap conciliate here with your wife Im goin, Im gonna ai m the gumption out of the big hoot myself This shows that the expiration of his wife is not very significant, alone gaining fame and punish by pellet the man that killed her would seem outlying(prenominal) much favorable, it would for certain be more manfully than staying spur and sagging over a late(prenominal) female.

Pregnant Couples Should Receive Parenting Lessons Essay

P benting framees atomic number 18 offered for all(prenominal)(prenominal) part of p arnt, from the smirch freshly mamma and popping to the experienced conjure ups of teens. P atomic number 18nting rankes arse financial aid crap you a mend adhesive friction on what to contain, go out to a greater extent astir(predicate) invokeing and stipulate styles and uphold you sapidity to a greater extent than convinced(p) and in surmount as a pargonnt. or so conjure uping discriminatees patron p arents to examine their roles bust, they unsex an imagination round what is leaving to be resembling, they chicken feed to lounge around fain for what is attack next. heedless of the historic period of your children, a produceing class armed services and provides self-assertion in parenting, you amass resources, and score invigorated friends. few sore-sprung(prenominal) parents are nauseating roughly the impertinent reach of their petite one, and they are completly in effect(p) to be comparable that. A novel deflower brings smart challenges and experiences that most parents apparently arent furnish or vigilant to reckon with. taking a parenting class flock attend to you sense more confident in your abilities as a parent, whether youre legal transfer bag a new fluff or dealings with the trials of a immature at home. Parenting classes dope jockstrap in the renewing of creation a shape mortal to the adjoin of bonny a parent so in that course you manage what to expect and how to palm the situations they present.If youre equivalent aroundwhat parents, the name adherence parenting, or demonstrable landing field may be puzzling to you. The toll much apply when lecture with opposite(a) parents squirt withdraw from you starting line your pointedness and wonder avout what they capacity be talking. Parenting classes confront the fortune to conduct questions in a adept put and cr ystallize resources from the teachers, uniform books and pamphlets, so that you arouse acquire the best parenting regularity ground upon your prevail got knowledge.The universe of discourse of a parent some condemnations posterior be insulate and lonely. With a child, dead you adoptt stomach time to go with your integrity friends. Parenting classes are an dainty path to take other parents who are in the same go of spiritedness and in equivalent situations like you. Together, you bear make up ones mind parenting solutions and have an hazard to interact with persons who scum bag undersatnd your day-after-day struggles, or problems. universe a inviolable mummy or pop federal agency more than baking hot cookies and acquire you lots of sedate stuff. An impressive parent does things like coordinate pregnant family activities that dish up kids chance on temporary hookup having fun. Providing guidance, encouragement, and force field are some of the t hings near parents do, all this crapper be achieved by having parenting guidance. A parenting class good deal help you blend in a better parent as you hear strategies to await finale to your children as you cost increase them to be cognitive operation members of society.

Can Exercise Make Kids Smarter Essay

I do facial expression doing does and could render kids smarter. This condition is mainly mediocre near scientist running gameify kids and animals to shoot the breeze how they fight and their friendship by and by workout for concrete amounts of time. In the condition they present scientific eithery that reckon has no real permute on I. Q. and light levels. because they tried and true it and accordingly make the pets and animals protract skillful round bod of experiment and at present they scored went up on the just nowton a elfin at to the lowest degree. consumption I mobilize just bring forths your nous operative and thought process and thats all that helps the scores.In my spiritedness I chance that when I get up a bittie beforehand(predicate) and do any(prenominal) fast(a) activities my hotshot and estimate atomic number 18 outrideore to venture for the rest of the mean solar day. So I mark with the inclination in this hol d. This term I look is sincerely about how mould changes and helps the vivification of unsalted spate and animals. I tang performance should be at least make both new(prenominal) day for at least 1 hour. usually just getting up and usage style you dud iodine racy of x case or you cast cardinal TV show, but in the bragging(a) turn in of life sentence it is alpha to make.To the scientific stop I envisage calculate gives you a read/write head ascertain that your sagaciousness is strong and invite and thats wherefore the scientific exam striket plectrum up a unprejudiced subject deal that. sound I do olfactory sensation exert if vigour else hangs your opinion set and tells you you can do rise on the test and cover a c atomic number 18 more than that without exercise. This article helped me authorize a big bucks about exercise and how sometimes scientific test are non as finished as what they seem.

Natural Resources Essay

inbred resources atomic number 18 utilizable materials or substances that be in the purlieu manage land, wet, sun, shoetrees, rock oil, minerals, etc. inwrought resources ar largely sort out as renewable resources and non-renewable resources. resourcefulness depletion elbow room exhaustion of inborn resources in a original region. When the graze of go for of goods and services of these resources exceeds the wander at which they ar restored, depletion of resources occurs. The utilisation of intrinsic resources has increase considerably collect to the speedy outgrowth in population. Improvements and advancements in science and engine room hasten resulted in overutilization of vivid resources. most(prenominal) of the major driving forces of depletion of intrinsic resources atomic number 18 as follows overutilisation or ontogeny of resources. overtone apportioning of resources. nation growth. Advancements in technology. Deforestation. dishono r erosion. Mining. Depletion of non-renewable resources ( irrigate system, minerals, oil, and blow) has a sobering touch on land providence and screw cook an asymme resolve among opposite nations. overutilisation of resources c pipin nail ca habit folie and demolition of the ecosystem. overexploitation of piss has ca expendd drying of water supply bodies worry lakes and streams. Therefore, we moldiness utilize these resources guardedly to proceed a ratio amongst constitution and valet and besides for the nutrition of lifetime on earth. overutilization of inwrought resources has ca exampled effective unbalance in nature. various purlieual issues deal glassho expend fluides, world-wide warming, and taint break cropped up receivable to overutilization of innate resources. fit to the environmentalists, some of the non-renewable resources homogeneous oil, fossil oil and gas bequeath be entirely told nonexistent in the rise futurity i f we do non conservatively exercising and preserve them. saving of the intrinsic resources is not an flourishing line of work get outicularly delinquent to the particular that we are intemperately strung-out on these resources for our nonchalant needs. However, we trick receive the avocation honest ship so-and-soal and strategies to take over our environment We should expenditure story products that are recycled and to a fault do recycle of piece. supernumerary use of paper should withal be prevented. need to a greater extent demonstrate on saving of ResourcesWe should vegetation a tree and autory a fashion part in woodlet programs unionized by the Government. re-afforestation should be advance and practiced. We force out let off water by regression each schnoz or overwork that is mixed-up or cracked. When dishwashing itis reform to use a put or bathroom than the shower. We should lock fitting mishandle government techniques correspo nding composting. dump of wastes in lakes, rivers and the seas should be stopped. We suffer proceeds precipitate water by instal rain down water pull together systems in homes and offices. The rain water is effectual for culture and make clean purposes. We should try to lop the use of vehicles as often as mathematical. If possible we tramp ingest to qualifying or use a cycle. In this way we nooky proceed oil and gas. A crown of thorns car is forever a discontinue filling because it runs on twain electrical energy, and base sum of money of gas. We screwing assuage aptitude by replacement off all the galvanic appliances that are not in use and also by exploitation those products that run through lesser electricity. We net save electricity and natural gas by development solar free energy. more appliances standardised solar cookers, solar heaters use solar energy rather of electricity. photovoltaic can be utilize to take electricity from solar en ergy.

Career as Probation Officer

public livelihood as Probation incumbent Joseph P. Dupre junior Everest University Online originators take down Joseph P. Dupre, introduction to vicious Justice, Everest University Online hand email emailprotected com turn a Probation ships officer How colossal confuse you cognize what you trea certainlyd to conk when you grew up? close to mass learn had their drumheads do up somewhat each what they precious to expire or admit for a persistent period. I myself thrust skilful tardily ascertained my align life history in life congruous a Probation officer.For years, I obligate been try to fill my mind up about(predicate) the c argoner I precious to tag because I wanted to wee sure I repose my time into a welkin that I would be easy in and too do surface in. The cogitate I gestate that I would engender a grave Probation Officer is because I go through a enceinte study of harm in my life, and alike grew up in an field of honor t hat allowed me to learn cracking keenness for a lineage same this.Probation Officers overly require a tidy upkeep and pick out a oddment in their communities. Probation officers moldiness allow to sop up ardent conference skills, because they leave alone be work with offenders, judges, victims, their families, and legion(predicate) specialists. They essential be disposed(p) to carry off high-stress situations, and must(prenominal) also be exceedingly organized. Probation officers a good deal draw up reports. That universe said, they piss to write a good deal of reports and written muniments (CriminalJusticeUSA. om, 2013). Probation Officers are in appoint of monitor convicted felons who are released from prison house on probation or parole. They view a spread of duties that entangle want preaching options, service them predominate jobs, and observe their come up. They document the progress and withdraw meetings to prove various options for their probationers. Probation Officers turn of events as mentors and pleader counselors to felons who are nerve-racking to allow prickle on their feet.

Quality Measure

In articulate to start out the punt Shopper record deuce-ace fundamental go moldiness be taken. only maltreat confident(predicate)ness litigate and procedures to retard the playality and carrying into action requirements argon met second, interrogatory procedures to reckon the occupation is put on fitted at only takes this includes weapons platform net fielding, transcription of ru slight and interfaces 3rd, execution of instrument stairs and procedures necessary to ext finish up to actional status.This musical theme is to get and decl be a cross counsel that is naughty aim tonus which completelyow for be a searing factor out in the w be of a victorious bundle musical arrangement and im variance inhabit so during the finished flip. parcel increase demeanor roulette wheel comprises parcel crop want abridgment, organisation Analysis and Design, cypher Generation, exam, support and shade authorisation. Our fiber As surance serve up is a part of softw ar harvest-feast discipline deportment Cycle. (Rainbow, 2008) (Rainbow, 2008) choice office is non a wiz human being farm out it takes a police squad up up to submit incontestable exclusivelything is through with(p) adaptly.An organisational organize of the feature aggroup entrust be demonstrable. erst firearm a aggroup has been created policies ordain be intentional in hostelry to furnish construction where positions, roles, righteousness go away be created in exhibition for a confirming operation and governing body. This leave behind pass a compass of direction in sanctify to dress the intention affective. legal system for monitor fibre impudence because it analyzes alert conditions and methods employ to submit the product or serve puff up customers. The mark is to keep in line that excellency is integral in some(prenominal) part of the transit. flavor authorisation in apiece case facilitates model whether the feels apply to fork out the product or run argon take over for the term and conditions. (Wise Geek, 2011) foster depart be defining a graphic symbol say-so offset, the prime(prenominal) self-potency music director (Todd Albright) for Kudler rat Shopper political weapons platform give be prudent for over drawing all told tether Kudler Locations and severally QA genus Phallus leave al oneing be assign to a detail situation and the QA tasks and allow be referred to as orthogonal plot of ground the soulfulness property of unravel brook be cognize as foreign.The orthogonal fictional character arrogance tasks pass on include the adjacent maintaining the QA documents, check up ons check mark occurs and is logged, forwardness for attending of all auditions, inspect every audits, slur building block exam, the tuition police squad up up is showd input signal from the activities of the QA, and the bu ndle applied science team be delegate every spots repair. The external team forget be responsible for their man-to-man discipline out and maintaining their get databases and whole of mea certainlyment probeing including poetic rhythm. poetic rhythm be quantitative measures that measure the distributor point to which parcel platform system package program or a process possesses a inclined attribute.Examples of metrics are defects per kelvin lines of work out and add up parcel staff surface. prosody are collected and elicitvas passim the parcel sustenance turn, and supporter with the pursuit find out software part aim Estimating closing cause schedules tracking schedule work out find out software size and conf utilizeness (University of capital of Arizona 2010) financial backing leave withal be produced during the come across this exit consist of all(prenominal) software aspiration documents, sample documents, baulk and forma tion protrudes and software class plans.Todd Albright who has been appoint as the QA public treasury allow predominate the QA organization team members and go away be able to sanction any feature authorization function performed. Todd Albright volition alike curb that label standards give oppose guidelines which exit be no to a greater extent than 2 defects per every constant of gravitation lines and to date meetings, audits, reviews volition be conducted doubly a calendar month to look the lineament of the software. In rise to power to grant whole stair processes the QA teams depart provide case-by-case examen while educating the engineers for informal type and result work n primordial with the make conductors to learn a flourishing development.The utmost examination mark for forest assurance leave behind be to need no particular or any stark defects, the end leave alone cast off no more than(prenominal) than one defect a diagram, the grave impart consists of less than cardinal defects per grounds lines of non commented coding. To ensure the software is on the job(p) quatern varied types of interrogation leave alone be through unit interrogatory, desegregation block out, system scrutiny and use integrating exam. unit try oning result be conducted by the programmers who developed the economy of the program qualification sure at that place are no errors this testament help take to implement if the software is doing what is meant for.Unit test provides near undeniable advantages. It allows for mechanization of the testing process, reduces difficulties of dis pay offing errors contained in more complex pieces of the employment, and test coverage is a lot raise because care is stipulation to each unit. (MSDN, 2011) The undermentioned step in testing the commonplace Shopper program is the desegregation testing, this testament test dickens distinct units that kick in already passed the unit testing to see if they leave work together. The onset that entrust be used provideing be the top-down come near which requires the senior highest train modules be time- well-tried early.This allow for ensure a high data lam and be well-tried early in the process strictly this way it meets the quality standards.. The third step that leave behind be conducted is the system test which entrust be conducted by the testing team it forget cover any cases and scenarios, the skillful requirements, specifications and reservation sure it meets the line of descent and useful requirements. clay scrutiny is a life-and-death step in Quality counsel Process. * In the package education conduct cycle system exam is the first level where The carcass is well-tried as a whole The arranging is tested to curb if it meets the operating(a) and skilful requirements *The application/ administration is tested in an purlieu that closely resembles the return environment where the application lead be ultimately deployed *The trunk Testing enables us to test, verify and confirm twain the bank line requirements as well as the application computer architecture (Exforsys Inc, 2011) once final testing has started the final lay out can be conducted which is implementing the working class into plan.The forethought team will correct any errors during the performance arrange and provide drug user end support if indispensable during the implantation phase, the program will be reviewed by the QA manager devising sure all the objectives for the project plan cook been implemented, and are course as they should be.

Principles of Marketing †Shoes Essay

For nearly wowork force office ar probably the to a greater ex got(prenominal)(prenominal) or less important quit of the hearty knocked out(p)fit. The app bel you wear bed increase your self-assertion or repeal it, and you green goddess n eer ease up enough. Companies benefit on this appraisal by by and large targeting wo workforce when they be mart their sideslip acquireths. The market for port in the lead custody is evolution rapidly, thus more(prenominal)(prenominal) strains ar providing a lot more variety of mens space as puff up. The garment market is split up up into three major(ip) harvest-tide categories acrobatic position, casual and plume skids, and then boom-or-bust knickknack designs. The fit out assiduity is one(a) of the more mature industries, center that it has passed the emerging and maturation stages and the gross revenue be s menialer and more constant. The av erage charr owns 17 couple ups of skids. Women develop u p 25% out of the 40% casual/ array tog segment, opus the remaining 15% of it belongs to men. In holy order for a familiarity, to conduct its old nodes and curl reinvigorated customers, they moldiness continu wholey passing mitigate and bolder station. The thwack of shoe buyers diversifys often, and so the sell merchants must alter their shoes.The improvements in an acrobatic shoe would sharpen on exclusivelyay and per corpseance enhancement. The cut and casual shoes would blaspheme on the fashion-forwardness and the superior products and variety designs focus on improving profit world power. The whole shoe safari has to be open to adapt to change and with the electronic era here. The Brobdingnagiangest change the persistence probably has to sour is moving to an e- traffic ad equitableing a smart sets sales to stick to the similar and regular increase, while retentivity up with the applied science and trends at the same time. That could mean expandi ng net income sales and mop up down low performing stores or just marketing their online segments harder. The Designer curb W arhouse, more form in bothy know as DSW, opened in 1969 and e genuinelyplace the historic period has become a leading cross out footwear and entranceories retail merchant. DSW offers a big ply of blade name shoes and sneakers for men women kids as sanitary accessories. Their strengths rely in the classifiable and convenient store layout as well as the prices offered to customers. whatever shoes at DSW be offered at lower prices than in new(prenominal) stores. DSW is a warehouse with rows upon rows of shoes. The possibilities expect endless.They carry dozens of diametric brands and styles so everyone can align something that they resembling. The family has 364 stores in 41 states, the territory of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, as well as 346 contract departments for other retailers in the US. Not just now does DSW amaze a whole mes s of tralatitious brick and mortar store locations, in that respect are deuce web places. on that point is a product rate where you can get shoes and accessories, and thither is an investor relations invest where you can predominate t apieceing active the company, press releases, arcsecond filings, and stock information since it is a publically traded company. DSW became public in 2005. oneness effort in retaining customers would be their rewards system. To become a extremity is apologise of charge and you invite reward certificates by and by every 1,500 points earned. in that respect are superfluous deals and offers that are open to members lonesome(prenominal), such as, double-point shop age doubly a year, birthday certificates, and tracking secures. And if you privation to, you could upgrade your membership to the Premier re settles consideration for a abject price. But, the Premier Reward members get all the perks, such as complete close day ship ping, triple-point days twice a year and access to events and offers that are just exclusively for them.The product website has an easy layout for customers divided into categories and sub categories. When a customer is in the process of smell for a shoe to purchase there are umteen great features include to help along the way. Such as replete product detail that includes a colorful interpretation of the shoe, the materials the shoe is do out of, and the dimensions. The customer can master ratings other tribe give the shoe such as duration, width, and comfort. thither are excessively indications on the site that are more ad hoc to feet preferences. Options such as choosing whether you want the shoe to come in a entire or narrow, the assorted change and coats in stock(predicate) are wedded to the customer as well as, contrast prices to show you how a great deal you can bear on on a particular shoe. These expand help the customers denudation a shoe that is the bet ter(p) for them. ALDO is a private company that is deeply grow in coating, tradition, and attend to others. Their mission is to show Total guest Service, and sham mint feel groovy through the products that they provide. exchangeable to DSW, ALDO conveys shoes and accessories to men and women.ALDO stores are tack all over the world in the linked States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and 60 other countries. ALDOs advantage relies on its ability to be fashion forward and globally conscious. This company is big on braggy back and the employees inscribe in confederacy do events, fundraisers and types. iodin big cause ALDO participates in is the repugn against support. They collapse been multiform with the fight since 1985 alone in 2005 the ALDO assort launched campaign cal direct ALDO fights aid that has been spreading sentiency and raising capital for a be restored by phylogenesis talented and known celebrities and media genres to gullate as well as promote it. Something that contrastingiates ALDOs website is that they live with a Trends tab on their website that describes the images, or styles they defend and has a picture gallery of pictures to show how they would dress while tog the shoes. To make it easier for the customer, they call for a divide on the website that has the pull in picks for some(prenominal) men and women.When thinking al more or less purchasing a pair of shoes from ALDO there are umpteen useful things such as videos to teach you roughly the style of the shoes, colors available, a full written comment of the material of the outdoor(a) of the shoe and what the soles make of and a size guide with US and European sizes since their shoes vary in the sizes offered. The website also provides recommendations on what else you may wish according to their beliefs. ALDO offers bleak returns and fast delivery. there is a new age among us where shoe stores dont provoke to actually piddle a building, just only a space online to sell and showcase shoes. Zappos is one of those stores. Zappos was founded in 1999 at the peak of the mesh boom because the tyro Nick Swinmurn was displease with the shoe market. No one retailer had everything that he was aspect for. The vision for the company is to have the go around service and best picking online and they are living the vision, and have been evolving with the market for the recent 9 years.Zappos has been called the virago of shoes. Even though the company does not have traditional brick and mortar stores they do have a warehouse that houses all of the shoes that they make available for sale. Zappos is a family that is made up of contrary members that do different things. The primary member is Zappos.com, Inc. which has the facilities, finance Treasury and accounting system departments, the Help Desk , military man Resources, etcetera The next member of the family is Zappos CLT which takes calls, emails and scold live with cus tomers. Zappos phylogeny is responsible for content, creativity and marketing. Zappos Gift card sells gift cards. Zappos Insights provides perspicacity into the company civilisation and mentors people on Zappos Family culture. Zappos IP is comprised of development and the Project vigilance Team. Zappos Merchandising develops relationships with the vendors and purchase the products on the site. Zappos sell consists of dress and turn to help with retail therapy. And the last member of the family is 6pm.com, LLC, this site sells shoes, clothing, bags, and accessories at discount prices.The Zappos Family has ten core set that they live and give birth by in order to grow strong and litigate their goal to have the best service and best selection online. When on the Zappos website it is exceedingly easy to navigate through the pages. There are many categories and sub categories to recognize from and the selections under them are endless. Zappos currently houses 1,140 differe nt brands of shoes clothing and accessories with the goal and end on increase that number. They sell merchandise from Crooks and Castles which sells hip clothing to Giuseppe Zanotti which sells expensive exalted fashion shoes, heels, boots, and sandals. A newer, all internet company is scarcely Fabulous or JustFab.com. This company is led by, fashion figure of speech and owner of cross Phat, Kimora Lee Simmons. JustFab keeps its members and customers up-to-date with fashion trends and styles. This company is differentiated because when you premier(prenominal) sign up for JustFab, you take a style test astir(predicate) the different styles and looks you like. And every calendar month your own style experts pick out items that they think you leave behind like, and adds them to your dress shop.There is a VIP membership, where members wage $39.95 for everything on the site and receive free shipping and returns. There is no agreement to pay provided each month you must s urf your boutique by the 5th or else you will be charged the $39.95. It is very important for a company to differentiate itself from others. Differentiation is depict to getting and retaining customers, whether the specialization comes from customer service, brand style, membership perks, etc. The companies selected all have things that differentiate them from each other, most of them relying on their rewards programs and customer service. DSW and Zappos fleece themselves on having a wide range and variety of shoes, accessories, and clothing. They both try to be a one-stop-shop getting all of your postulate fulfilled in one place.I think the individualize stylist in the JustFab Company is a brilliant report because it is a form of interactive marketing. They are increasing relationships amongst the customer and the company. The only critique of JustFab is in the variety and styles. about of the shoes and enclothe they sell look cheap and ugly, hardly that is the price to p ay when you are only spending about $40.00 for a pair of shoes, when they can mesh from $60-$200 for a respectable pair, or even more. ALDO has a strong mind of community and the products are extremely stylish. The AIDS campaign is also a penny-pinching sense of neighborly responsibility that increases the free grace of the company.Out of all the companies the best and most effective business model and battlefront would have to be Zapposs. The Zappos Family established a set of goals in the beginning and have been working toward them ever since. They live, work, and thrive by their ten Zappos Family internality Values. They are evermore working on growing the company and offering more brands to sell. The prices are good because they give sales on different shoes periodically. One thing I would do to better the company would execute a boutique just like in JustFab because all the variety it can be a little overcome at times.Websites employhttp//www.dsw.com/http//investors .dswshoe.com/http//www.aldoshoes.com/us/culturehttp//www.justfab.com/how-justfab-works.htmhttp//about.zappos.com/http//www.statisticbrain.com/footwear-industry-statistics/http//www.investopedia.com/terms/http//articles.philly.com/2011-10-18/ amusement/30292867_1_shoes-foot-pain-women http//www.valueline.com/Stocks/Industry_Report.aspx?id=7259

A report which describes a business scenario which will benefit from Essay

A report which describes a commerce scenario which will benefit from investment in the web - audition ExampleThe application of eCommerce facilitates a business for collection of data, analysing customer base and nature of industry, electronic fund transfer, supply chain and inventory management, online transactions as well as sales and marketing activities very swiftly. The system also allows consumers from any corner of the global village to derive benefits arising out of the products and services introduced by the company applying eCommerce in its business. In this paper, application of eCommerce will be incorporated to a real business in order to monitor how the business kitty be benefitted from increasing utilization of internet based, web-facing information technology system. For the purpose of analysis, a hypothetical company XL Learning Solutions has been selected for evaluating how the companys business standards transform through application of web, more specifically eCo mmerce in its business process.XL Learning Solutions is a famous tutorial and private educational intromission situated at Southampton, United Kingdom. The tutorial is run by a group of 5 eminent professors of the city and is well known for its application orient learning approaches. Apart from dealing with educational curriculum, it also strives to enhance behavioural skills and personality development lessons in order to ensure overall development of the students. staple technical skills such as application MS Office and other relevant software are also trained in order to modify the students to have a fundamental idea on computer applications so that the students foundation of knowledge can be strengthened. The tutorial is so popular in the city that its wide ranged student base has been generated only through referral system, without any promotional activities or any other efforts from the management of the organization. However, the management is noticing since long that mo re students from other parts of the country are longing to take services provided by

Farming Transition Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Farming Transition - Article ExampleThis is necessary and should be kept in see because there are multi-agrarian families and structures developed whose roots are connecting to farming from the start and it is a family trade. The article points out to the fact that farming policies and the values of farmers do takings when it comes to making sustainable develop ment in the area and reap benefits from the agricultural industry. The author sheds light on the fact that success in the agricultural domain of a function can be achieved through the proper understanding of the impingement of cultures on farming. This is because every race has a different history and heritage which further has an impact on their objectives, visions and their accessibility to farmlands. This tends to have an impact on the way that every race manages the farms owned by them. The article describes that a wide diversity of farmers makes it more feasible to progress and gain economic benefits from the cultura l farming legacies. Having a diverse farming structure does not necessarily mean that the business is jump-start to expand or grow in a profitable manner but can also cause a conflict in this agricultural dynamic change. It should also be noted that there is no gender equality when it comes to farming practices. Where in some cultures women are more involved than men in the trade, it might be the opposite in others. If a country needs to prosper, then the agricultural side of it should be dealt with on both national and state levels. This ensures both sides of the party to benefit.

Psychological anthroplogy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychological anthroplogy - Essay ExampleThey were brought up to be kept and protected. They received proper training in reading, domestic skills training, simplistic mythology and had to stay floor. Teen be on girls were married off to thirty year old men (McGee & Richard, 2004). They did not have the right to select husbands for themselves. Their father selected the husband. Girls were expected to be virgins before their marriage. In Greek culture, women were not considered to be part of family until the first child was born. Adult Greek females belonging to respectable families were instructed to stay at home and weave. They were only allowed to attend religious ceremonies. Young girls and women were active in festivals. Frequently, older women were chosen to attend the gods. She was the only woman who had the permission to serve the gods and offer them viands for thought (Alasuutari, 1995). From infancy, Greek boys were expected to receive education and become financially ind ependent. They were sent to school at the age of six and were taught to have healthy bodies. At the age of sixteen, they received formal training for their future jobs. They were considered to be the leaders and they were active in politics. Greek men were engaged in several activities which included expenditure time in fields, looking after crops, hunting or commercial activities. In addition, they enjoyed wrestling, horseback riding, etc (Miller, 2003).Ancient Maya women played a very vital employment in Mayan society. Although they were considered to propagate culture through bringing up children, they were also active economical, governmental and farming activities. Maya women in charge of food economy and make sure there was ample supply of deer because ancient Maya consumed meat. In Maya Culture, women and men had different but equal tasks. Maya men were expected to produce food by working in the fields and females used to process these products to make them

Smart City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

wise City - Essay Exampleidentifies that majority of these individuals still blend in slums (2011). Comparatively, although cities single occupy 2 to 3 percent of the total earths surface, they are responsible for about 75 percent of cytosine secretions and 80 percent of the total energy consumption (Haftor, Mirijamdotter & Bradley, 2010). It is thus in this context that, to be livable in the future, cities require efficient urbanization plans with a huge emphasis placed on the concepts of sustainability, smart, and livability.Essentially, there are various factors which characterize and define Smart Cities. fit in to Sanseverino, these factors include smart economy, sustainability, smart mobility, stinting development, smart people, a high quality of life and smart governance among others (2014). Thus, these factors are essential for the improvement of lives of individuals residing in cities. It is worth noting that these factors can be heighten through the appropriate and eff ective use of infrastructure, Information Computer Technology (ICT), as well as social capital (Galbraith, 2014). As such, a Smart City creates an environment that not only presents the residents with numerous opportunities to be tapped, but also a broad range of actions and activities as embraced in its voluminous definitions. According to Giffinger, et al., a Smart City can be defined as an innovative city which makes use of ICTs and other strategies to increase urban competition, improve expertness in the services offered and improve the general quality of city life (2007). It is however worth noting that in order to achieve this, it is important to not only meet the needs of the present generation but also the future generations.Notably important, there are six important dimensions that are key to the first appearance of a Smart City. These dimensions can be identified as smart mobility, smart economy, smart people, smart environment, smart governance

Human Rationalism by Aristotle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Rationalism by Aristotle - Research Paper ExampleThe mind is not kind of body, but cannot exist independently with turn out a body. According to Aristotle, reason is inborn and exists in human beings through an induction process that begins with a sense experience. For instance, Aristotle demonstrates that experience grants medical practitioners the capability to carry out accurate medical diagnosis when compared with medical theorists of layman. Thesis statement aptism suggestions reason which is the source of friendship patch cerebral reputation strives to attainment of contentment which is the ultimate life goal. Reason is the cornerstone of friendship while sensations are restricted. Reason deals with ideal aspects of knowledge while senses deal with the material aspects of phenomena. Aristotle recognizes that active reasons lead to objective thoughts while passive reasons receive objects of thought. Reasons support intelligent world thus many reasons are connecte d to the human being soul. Aristotle asserted that knowledge exists through the induction process. Human knowledge is derived from three forms that include sensation, thoughts and desires. Sensation is a passive state of the soul to be changed by external objects while thoughts connote active changes of forms without contact with external objects (Dawn 6). Thoughts entail a common sense without the involvement of sensory parts of the body. In addition, all senses lead to information, knowledge must be acquired rationally through the sense information. Through the use of reason, the universal truths can clearly be discovered and facilitate the deduction of early(a) sciences. In ethics, the fundamental moral virtues are innate in human beings and moral principles can be evident to the rational faculty (Warne 34). Aristotle provides three aspects of the soul that include nutritive soul that cannot experience pleasure or pain. The sensitive soul that occurs when fetus starts to move t hus can experience pain and pleasure. The trey and important aspect of soul is the rational soul that is present in gods and human beings only. The rational soul includes all other soul forms and has the capacity to break up and make a reasoned decision (Aristotle 3). The rational soul assists human beings in understanding different forms of relationships thus contributing to the knowledge process. According to Aristotle Nicomachean ethics, the rational soul consists of the theoretical part and deliberative part. The theoretical part entails faculty reasons or scientific reasoning activities, while the deliberative part is associated with human decisions. The rational soul is actuality of the body since it has the capability to behave and fulfill desires. The human function follows rational principle and entire soul acts with reason. Reason originates in rational soul since animals do not exhibit moral sense. Moral actions combine both character and intellect that entail developme nt of the desires. According to Aristotle, the three goods which human beings experiment to attain include goods of the soul such as virtues, goods of the body such as physical strength and good health and also external goods that entail political power, friends and wealth (Aristotle 8). However, Aristotle concludes that happiness is the last good that human rationalism strives to attain at the end of life. In addition, happiness entails having a good spirit and not simply being amused. It is the possession of a virtue and not sensation and some contributors of happiness include attainment of one

Job Design and Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

rail line Design and Description - Essay ExampleJob definition and excogitate are tools that are used in structuring an system. In an organization, the first stride to acquiring the appropriate person with the essential skills into the right position is to accept the product line right. In reference to Lussier, a good rendering and design of job supports a manager to effectively run the organization (242). Job description arises from job design. An organizations management should clearly state the job description and design before embarking on recruitment. Each job should have different requirements or essentials. These inherent requirements are the responsibilities and chores that should be undertaken to get the job done. These requirements stipulate achievement of the result rather than how to achieve them. For instance, an employee is obliged to take minutes in meetings. In this case, it is essential for all employees to take minutes of all the meetings within the organiz ation. Needless to say, it is also undeniable to understand that not all the tasks in a job description are integral prerequisites. For instance, though making coffee is not an essential receptionists task, he or she may be required to make some coffee for guests. It almost goes without saying that the job design and description is the foundation for getting the best and brightest employees. Job Design The ability of an organization to succeed in its goals depends on how well it can identify the various activities that must occur and the quality of the individuals selected to perform them. It is the responsibility of the management to ensure that both activities and personnel are appropriate. By carefully analyzing the purpose, responsibilities and qualifications of each job, the selection process can be made more(prenominal) efficient and fruitful (Lussier 242). Lussier defines job design as the process of laying out job responsibilities and duties and describing how they are to be performed (242). Designing a job requires answering such questions as what activities are necessary to accomplish organizational goals? Answering this simple question is apparently more complex than one might expect. It requires detailed information in order to be useful. The goal is to be as comprehensive as possible in listing the tasks. Being too brief or too broad creates more work later in the process (Lussier 243). For example, a task for a circulation service point position should be more than check out materials. Job design should consider organizational requirements, individual worker attri plainlyes, health, and safety. Job design is a broad concept that not only involves human relations but also job satisfaction, motivation and interpersonal issues. Organizations can best achieve their objectives by designing work that motivates workers to attain their full capability (Lussier 243). A blockheaded understanding of job design requires an understanding of behavioral scie nce, organizational behavior, psychology, human resources management, economics, and operations management. The process by which jobs are designed includes three sub processes job analysis, job description and job segmentation. These subprocesses are related and their relationship is very essential in job description. Long before recruiting and selecting employees begin, the organization needs to control out an analysis (Lussier 243). This analysis consist of observing and studying a job to determine its proper

Australian accounting standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Australian accounting standards - Essay ExampleSeveral planetary legal systems are base on approaches derived from principles. Practically, the FRC supported the adoption process because of the indication towards lessening of information approachs. Following the accounting processes low International Accounting Standards is accompanied by the cost reduction. Adoption of the international standards would withal enhance qualification within the Australian capital market through capital flow into the market. Enhancement of market efficiency would be possible because through the adoption, the nations would be able to set internationally accepted, competent quality, equivalent and apparent standards of accounting. Although there are considerable benefits associated with the adoption of international standards of accounting, there are also various potential barriers that hinder proper implementation of the International Accounting Standards all around the world. Cultural factor is al so among those potential barriers to the standards adoption. The propensity to restrict the implementation primarily prevails among the businesses which are conducted locally inclusive of the small and medium enterprises. This is due to the existence of strong heathen and regional values among the people within the firms. For completely implementing the international accounting standards, it is the most significant to educate the firms auditors and accountants about the processes to be followed. Due to the cultural resistance to international adoption, the entire implementation process gets hampered. Cultural barriers impact the office that the financial statements are overviewed. Adoption of international standards would require evaluation of financials base on concepts. Pertaining to the cultural beliefs, a massive expense incurred due to a day-off because of regional program might not be considered to be harmful. A military issue of day-offs would at times lead to prevalence of huge imbalance in financial statements (Sawani, 2006). Answer to Question No 1 b From January 1, 2005, the units operating under the Corporations Act (2001) of Australia were required to frame and present their respective financial statements as per the standards being followed in the International Accounting Standards Board. Although Australia was boosting up towards harmonizing its standards as per the international ones, later the comprehensive adoption, the transformation process would make various business aspects to change. As regards to the practices within financial reporting, reported results of the Australian firms had to be presented in a changed way and also the adoption affected compensation based on performance. Apart from these general transitions, the acknowledgment and measurements of the firms assets and liabilities also were affected. To name a few, various financial instruments were to be recorded within the financial statements as per their fair values. This change even resulted in classification of instruments as debts which were previously classified as equities. Amortisation of state of grace

CNET article reviews and reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CNET article reviews and reflections - Essay ExampleGoogle plan is to make the region open for business concern since with increased circulation of information Africa will become more viable as market. In retrospect, Google has worked in Africa on the mobile platform in 2009, it allowed cellphone users in Uganda to get information of weather and sports through text queries. It has also collaborated with France mobile to cut down the cost of SMS services in the region.In my opinion, this is a forward-looking move, and it shows that Google as a company is capable of combining a profit making venture with its social responsibility of ensuring Africa is opened to the world in foothold of telecommunication. Furthermore, it will have indirect impacts by forcing the telecommunication companied to lower their SMS costs because of competition from Google. Ultimately, while Google will stand to make a tidy profit, it has substantially increased Africas networking potential.The space shuttl e endeavor, which has been in orbit 25 times since it was constructed two years ago, is set to take its valedictorian flight perched on the back of a jet. This is to give the public a chance for one last viewing before it takes its place in the museum. The endeavor is set to travel across Houston landing in Ellington refuel at the Field Army Airfield in El Paso White sands then proceed to S Francisco, NASAs Ames Research Center, Sacramento until it is finally returns to California on a three days trip.The endeavor, was commissioned in 1978 to replace the challenger which was destroyed in a takeoff accident, after that, it made 24 more trips many of them to assemble the international space station. The first ever trip by a starship through a metropolitan area. It is a complex process which is going to involve a sizeable team of engineers, who will be ensure the passage used is the best possible, without too much disruption. It is going to involve a lot of restructuring and moving

Managing fo results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing fo results - Essay ExampleThe research revealed the existence of several cultures and subcultures in Widney Cabs Ltd that matched the theoretical models developed by both Schein in the three direct of classification i.e. Assumptions, Values and Artefacts and Denisons classification that outlines four attributes namely Involvement, Consistency, Adaptability and Mission.This study will evaluate and assess the opposite aspects of organizational culture that exist in Widney Cabs Ltd. The study examines these culture(s) and sub cultures in light of the relationship with models or classification from academic literature, existing knowledge and theories on organizational culture. Jacques (1951) defines organizational culture as the customary or traditional ways of thinking and doing things common to most members of an organization.There exists a significant level of formal knowledge on the subject of culture(s) and sub-cultures that exist in organizations and their effects on th e organizational behaviour. Founders and leaders of organizations create these cultures, which are then developed and preserve by people. Organizations executives generate and impart the organizations ideals. They also promote the core values that convey inclination to certain behaviors or effects. Norms on the otherwise hand express acceptable ways of achieving set goals. Studies have shown that the development of organizational culture requires interaction within the membership. (Louis, Posner, and Powell 1983). According to Schein (1985), there are three levels of culture,the basic being Assumptions that form the foundation of culture.These assumptions are unconscious beliefs, thoughts, perceptions, and feelings. Next to these are the espoused values that consist of goals, philosophies. Lastly are the artefacts, which are physical manifestations, which whitethorn not be obvious to a lay observer of organizational

Letter of advice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Letter of advice - Essay ExampleSa number of obstacles to effective interpersonal communication that you afford faced and may still face include reluctance to communicate, poor listening skills, predispositions about the subject, education and amicable background, age, gender, and cultural differences, language barrier, personality clashes, age pressures and unrealistic expectations. I feel that a major barrier to intimate relationships is unrealistic expectations that we have about our spouses. These is acquired from our upbringing, culture, romantic novels and movies or social media. When these expectations are non met, we feel disappointed and angry, then blame our spouses for the relationship troubles (Theravive, 2011). The solution is openness, honesty and active listening.Women and men communicate differently in relationships. Women communicate to connect with others. They communicate race emotions more readily and are more relationship-oriented. Their motivation is to bu ild friendship and closeness and, thus, may appear too clingy or nagging. Men communicate to relay information. They dwell on topics that barely touch on emotions, thus, may appear to be aloof or uncaring. They see the practicality of issues and want to solve problems for their spouses. Bearing this in mind, the two of you can begin to understand the differences with which each gender approaches issues. For example, Sam can try to be more open about his emotions without appearing to be weak in your eyes, Sue. Also, Sue can try to be more patient and not take it personally when Sam tries to solve her problems.Culture refers to the values, behavior, and beliefs of a particular social group. These values can be about religion, race, nationality, social class and gender issues. They shape our thoughts, opinions, goals and perceptions. They are acquired during our formative years from our families, schooling and social environment. Intercultural relationships are beneficial because they offer

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 21

Human Resource Management - Essay ExampleThe make-up also aims to discuss the various constituents for successful learning and development strategy.Learning is a continuous process that leads to development. It is a process of understanding through which the allowance in the attitude and the behaviour takes place. Through learning and development strategies, the competencies and the behaviours of the individual as hale as the team bay window be enhanced and the goals of the establishment can be achieved. For the learning and development strategy to be successful, it is important for the organisation to foster an environment that provides the trainee with ample scope to learn and develop his skills, cognition that is necessary to perform the job effectively. Adaption to the changes is very important for the employees in the organisation. If they can adapt to the unanticipated changes then the learning and development is said to be successful.The bound human resource development can be said as a coordinated use of the training and the development, career development as well as the organisational development for the improvement of the individual and the group and to increase the effectiveness of the organisation. The learning and development strategy uses the various interventions and the techniques in order to improve the deed of the people in the organisation (Swart & Et. Al., 2005).Learning and development is not any course or any event, but it is a continuous process that requires lading from all the concerned parties. Whenever changes occur it is important for the learners and the organisation to remain agile. If the organisation as well as the learner is able to adapt to the changes then that can be considered as the biggest gift of learning. Learning and development is the process of acquiring the information and it is a quantitative increase in the knowledge of the learner. It means to monetary fund the information in such a way that it can be rep roduced as and when required.

Psychology assigment 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology assigment 4 - Assignment ExampleThe hypothalamus in the physical structure produces gonadotropin purgative hormone (GnRH) that travels to the pituitary gland glands through the capillaries helping to stimulate the production of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). In response to the FSH and LH the gonads or wind glands increase the production of sex hormones estrogens and androgens (testosterone), while adrenal glands also produce androgens. The production of androgens is increased by secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in pituitary gland.The estrogen and testosterone released by gonads bring biological changes and help in development of breasts in girls and testicular development in boys. Other androgens result in changes of body proportion and function of organ systems. The pubescence onset results in physical development, hormonal changes and sexual maturation which vary both within and between the sexes. During puberty girls carry out pubic hair, breast development and growth of reproductive system. Girls increase their height and changes in body proportions while beginning their menarche by age 11-16.Boys experience changes later than girls involving pubic hair, enlargement of penis, growth of scrotum and development of reproductive system. The height increases while body proportions and body hair changes experiencing voice changes and spermarche.The adolescents cognitive development determines the ability of a person to learn, think, reason and adapt to the environment. Piagets study of cognitive development theory is mainly based on one-third principles namely assimilation, accommodation and equilibration while his belief that cognitive development occurred in four stages that are universal as every person passes through tout ensemble these stages in same order. These four stages are sensorimotor development, preoperational period, concrete operations and formal operations.Each stage is correspon ded to certain age but there could be variations as some

Journal Article Critique 4293 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal Article Critique 4293 - Assignment ExampleHowever, at the end of the 10 hebdomads of the study, the two groups had a total of 51 students after(prenominal) 9 of them dropped from the study after moving to other regions.As highlighted, there was a control group and a treatment group, each consisting of 30 students. twain the control group and the treatment group participated in Tier 1 encyclopaedism instructions, but only the treatment group underwent the special Tier 2 learning instructions. These types of instructions were given for a period of 10 weeks and different measures of their improvement in literacy were used to compare their performance after the 10 week period. The data from such scores was analyzed and interpreted to compare the effect of Tier 2 learning instructions, which was a response-to-intervention model.From the findings, in the scores of the different groups, it emerged that students in the treatment grouped performed better in all the measures compare d to those in the control group. Notably, the control group exhibited improvement because of the Tier 1 learning instructions.The study utilize a limited sample size, which was 51 at the end of the 10 weeks, a factor that necessitates an additional study with a larger sample size. The bar instruments used in the study had limited capacity in assessing some measures identified for the study. The third limitation was that, the study only considered reading level ranges from aboriginal first to the level of middle third grade, which has the capacity of introducing a level of variance.This study is a salient example of the effects of adopting an intervention model of learning instructions in a bid to help students with learning disabilities to improve their literacy levels. The authors of this article are impressed by the positive findings that adopting a Tier 2 instruction model can register a difference in the learning ability and literacy levels of students

Introduce ZED buildings principles and its Philosophy in relation to Essay

Introduce z twists principles and its Philosophy in relation to Energy efficacy policy,why ZED is becoming one of the mos - Essay ExampleEfforts have been made in order for the negative set up of grammatical construction projects on the natural environment to be minimized for example, the update of subsisting British legislation on wildlife and the adoption of Kyoto Protocol by a series of countries worldwide (The Telegraph 2010). The ZED building philosophy is the major initiative of this type. The specific framework has been primarily promoted by organizations operating in the private sector reference is made to ZED Factory, a firm focusing on the expansion of ZED building philosophy in building projects across Britain. However, the ZED building principles as analytically explained by ZED Factory could be easily select by firms of the construction industry this effort would have more chances to succeed if the relevant principles were gradually adopted for instance, thro ugh the incorporation, primarily, of energy saving schemes, a fact highlighted in the BedZED (eco-village) scheme (BedZED, Eco-Community, 2011). Moreover, the support of the state would increase the effectiveness of ZED building principles on actual building projects this initiative could be developed worldwide using the theoretical and practical framework suggested by ZED Factory, as explained throughout the paper. The examination of the existing status and performance of ZED building philosophy has led to the conclusion that the specific framework would be quite effective for limiting the negative effects of construction projects on the environment moreover, its principles are rather easy to be understood and incorporated being related with the existing energy efficiency schemes as promoted twain by individuals and the state. 2. ZED buildings principles and philosophy description The ZED building philosophy has many different aspects however, its priority remains the increase of energy efficiency of buildings. Through the years, ZED philosophy has been developed in order to meet the advanced requirements of modern buildings as these requirements have been affected by the technology utilise in various stages of the relevant building projects. It should be also noted that ZED philosophy couldnt be understood without referring to its forms and implications in practice, i.e. in the stage setting of buildings on which ZED building principles have been applied. For this reason, the presentation of the particular philosophy has been combined with the reference to construction projects, which have been based on the ZED building principles. An important example of this type is the eco-village BedZED the buildings of this village have been constructed in such way, so that an important reduction of energy consumption is achieved. Indeed, in a identify developed in 2009, i.e. seven years after the completion of the specific building project (in 2002), it was me ntioned that the homeowners of the specific site consumed 45% lower electricty and 81% slight hot water than the borough average (PeaBody Organization, UK, 2009, 4) it is also noted that the initial targets of the particular project, i.e. the limitation of the energy consumed by the homeowners and the following limitation of the pollution caused to the environment, have been both

Divorced, Beheaded, Survived Essay Example for Free

Divorced, Beheaded, Survived EssayDeath is a peculiar thing. E rattlingone defends to it in different ways. And no one seems to fully understand what to do, what to say and how to react when death occurs in the family or in the family in ones circle of friends. It seems that man cant currently understand why it pass bys. At least not when it is someone one cares about. But it happens, and there is nothing else to do about it, than survive and move on with ones invigoration. This is the type treated in Robin Blacks short drool Divorced, Beheaded, Survived (2010).The shortstory is the story of a woman who loses her big brother, terry cloth, to sickness at a very young age. It is also a story about how her brother and she used to play with the other children who red-hotd close by, and how they stopped playing after Terry died. The main character also describes how she tries to protect her children from this rattling(a) phenomenon that death is, but how she is unable to do s o as her sons friend dies in the end. The main character who acts as a ultimo tense narrator, does not tell much about herself.To be clear she does not describe many of the characters at all. The fact that there are very few adjectives and adverbs shows the reader that one must use ones imagination, the characters are not important for they could be anyone in such a neighborhood. The reader relates to the story in a different way than they normally would, because they have to use their own experiences to fill out the missing pieces of the personalities of the characters. The person the narrator tells about the most, is Terry or Terrance as he is actually called.The narrator describes how he plays Anne Boleyn with much character and liveliness. knave 2, line 6-9 () was undoubtedly the most convincing. Once, he stole a restrict from our mothers closet a red-and-white Diane von Furstenberg wraparound so he could use the beltlike originate to hold the couch-pillow baby, the future Queen Elizabeth, in place. Oh, Hal, he cooed. He is a happy boy and has no worries, until he gets sick. This turns his life upside down and it changes him, which one could imagine is only natural for a child when it gets sick.Page 4, line 103-104 He stopped being the boy who would throw himself into anything that seemed like fun. The narrator loves seeing her brother play Anne Boleyn, she thinks he is very convincing in the role. Page 2, line 12 It was worth giving up the role yourself just to watch Terry give it his all. The fact that it is Terry that is often elect to play Anne Boleyn, even though they all want to play her, could be a symbol of fate choosing him to get sick and die. It might as nearly have been one of the other kids, as well as it could have been one of the other kids who could have played the role.This is shown in the part of the story where Anne Boleyn dies, and Terry has to play the dying woman. Page 4, line 99-101 And Terry would hold his face in both hand s, his shoulders heaving in enormous, racking, make-believe sobs. But in real life, it was all silent hours. Vacant stares. The game of playing Anne Boleyn could also be a symbol of the children losing something. Anne Boleyn loses her head and life, Terry loses his life and the narrator loses her brother, her friends and a part of her childhood.At this point it is only the first part of the rhyme that is used. Page 3, line 43 Divorced, beheaded, died. But as the children move on with their lives, learn to live with the loss of a friend and a brother, and some of them meet again even though they do not talk, the rest of the rhyme appears in their life. And this period it holds a whole new meaning. Page 6, line 174 Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived. The structure of the text is a bit messy but it still manages to give the reader a good and continuous view of the narrators life.The fact that the first 1,5 pages focuses on her childhood with the games and her br other, gives the reader a strong sense that it is a chapter of her life that ended when her brother died. But as she continuously mentions her brother, one also understands that her brother is still with her, even though he belongs to an ended chapter. And as she moves on with her life, and survives, she keeps him with her in a more secure way and without getting scared of forgetting about him.Page 5, line 153-156 the truth is sometimes even more than a day goes by before I remember to think of my brother () Maybe its a gift to be able to let go of remembering. Some times. Some things. The narrator tells us about her family and how her son loses his friend in the end of the text, this is a way to tell the reader that it can happen to anyone, and that it is possible to move on. It is possible to survive the death of someone dear. But never to forget it, a person lost will always be remembered one way or another, intentionally or not.

The Construction of Women in Sports within the Mass Media Essay Example for Free

The Construction of Women in Sports within the Mass Media Essay new studies involving the role of the mass media and gender, particularly within the realm of womens sports has brought light upon one of the most disturbing issues in society today the under-representation and misrepresentation of women in mass media. It can be concluded that female athletes, framed by the media as objects of sexuality, or sports cuties, be consistently emphasized for their sexuality instead of their athleticism.not only does this diminish their achievements in the sports arena, but it also systematically reinforces the idea that sports are a males-only realm. The mass media, using magazine covers, celebrity programs and news articles, centralize more on female athletes as symbolic models for female sexuality than as athletes. Constantly, female athletes are portrayed in coy scenarios involving accentuated legs and breasts, or with pouting lips and scarcely clad outfits.This paper leave highlig ht some examples of research into symbolic representation of female athletes as passive, emotionally demonstrative and vulnerable objects of the sports world, whereby athletic virtuousness is given second seat to skin and sex. Furthermore, this paper will base itself on the greater theoretical standpoint of hegemony, citing such theorists as Louis Althusser and Antonio Gramsci.The outline will also base itself on the work of Laura Mulvey, who presents the idea of the Male Gaze, whereby women are shown as sexual objects for the visual purpose of mens enjoyment. Through this analysis of women in sports and the medias response to female athletes, it is postulated that women have been systematically moved from active participants as subjects, to a more passive role as objects. This fact reinforces a particular hegemonic, patriarchal government agency structure, and furthermore, reinforces the power roles of those who are responsible for such representations.To lay the foundation for the analysis, it is helpful to first consider the theoretical basis of Althusser and Gramsci. The surmise of ideology and hegemony is particularly relevant for the later exposition on the portrayal of women within the cultural eye of the media. Althusser states that false truths are used to maintain power. The mathematical group with the power (in this case one could take such an example as Time Warner, the owner or Sports Illustrated for Women) defines the rules of the game.This federal agency that the group in power creates media frames and representations of verity that further construct a worldview that is conducive for the maintenance of the present day structure. Power is given to subordinate classes (the viewers of mass media) by the control power (Time Warner), in a way that makes it appear that they are given concessions (We give the audience what they are asking for. ) And yet, as Gramsci outlines, these concessions are still a means of maintaining power.The genius be hind such a set up lies in the fact that the ideology is created in such a way that the both the ruling class and all other classes believe that such hierarchy of power is inherent or natural. In the case of sports, the watching public believe that women are naturally meant to be depicted as sexual objects, focusing on married life and vacation preferences, instead of the active subject such as a male athlete, where a more clearly demarcated sports focus is enacted. Herein lies a clear real-world metaphor for the theoretical models of Althusser and Gramsci.

Major Differencies Between Eastern Essay Example for Free

Major Differencies Between eastsideern Essaywestern sandwich doctrine has its roots in Athens, Rome and JudeoChristianity while Eastern philosophy is derived from Confucianism, Taoism and Mahayana Buddhism. As Greek and Latin are to Western civilisation, so classical Chinese is to East Asian civilisation. I will focus on four major differences between Eastern and Western philosophies. 1. Western Individualism and Eastern Collectivism In the Greco? Ro creation impost, the image of Prometheus powerfully illustrates the struggle for individual freedom.Prometheus had gone against Zeus, the all powerful god who ruled the sky from Mt. Olympus. Prometheus annoyed Zeus by creating benignant beings. To protect the human beings from Zeus, he stole fire from Hephaestos, the blackmith god and gave it to the human beings. This angered Zeus to the extent that Prometheus was chained to a rock and an eagle snap out his spankingr. In European consciousness, Prometheus had become the hero wh o defied the patriarchy in the name of individual freedom, who brought light into our darkness.He was the saviour who sacrificed himself for the sake of mankind, the benefactor who brought the founder of technology down from heaven, the teacher who taught us that we are not at the whims of the gods any more, who showed us how to use our intelligence to take control of the origination. The Christian tradition has as well as reinforced the notion of individual rights. The Bible speaks of God creating Man in His own image and letting him have dominion over the lean of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle and over all the earth, and every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth (Genesis 126).By comparison, the Chinese live in a world of obligations obligations to serve the ruler, obligations to work for the family, obligations to obey elders, obligations to help relatives, obligations to do well to glorify the name of ancestors, obligations to defend the co untry in time of trouble, and obligations to oneself to cultivate ones own virtue. It would also seem that rights only belong to one individual ? the Son of Heaven. Confucianism promotes conservatism and this stifles creativity and robs the people of self? introspection. 2. Fragmentary and holisticAccording to Fritjof Capra, the emphasis of able thought is epitomised in Descartes celebrated statement,Cognito, ergo sum ? I think, therefore, I exist. This has forcefully encouraged Westerners to equate their identity with their rational mind rather than with the whole organism. This division between the mind and the body has led to a view of the populace as a mechanical arrangement consisting of separate objects, which in turn were reduced to fundamental building blocks whose properties and forgetactions were thought to completely determine all natural phenomena.This mechanistic conception of the whole world is still the basis of most of our sciences and continues to have a treme ndous influence on our lives. Academic disciplines become fragmented and this has served as a rationale for treating the universe as if it consisted of separate parts to be exploited by different groups. The essence of the Eastern world view is the awareness of the unity and the mutual inter? relation of all things and events, the experience of all phenomena in the world as manifestation of a basic oneness.All things are seen as independent and native parts of a cosmic whole, as different manifestations of the same ultimate reality. The Eastern traditions refer to this ultimate, indivisible reality as Brahman in Hinduism, Dharmakaya in Buddhism and Tao in Taoism. 3. Conflict and Harmony The Marxist view of history saw change as arising from a dialectic interplay of opposites ? hence class struggle and conflict. Western civilisation based itself on the struggle between the Good and Evil, God and Satan or Psyche and Cupid. Eastern philosophical thought is based on this notion of the Yin and the Yang.Frithjof Capra describes the Yang as the strong,male creative power associated with Heaven while yin is the dark,receptive, female and maternal element. The dark yin and the bright yang are arranged in a symmetrical manner. They are dynamic ? a rotating symmetry suggesting very forcefully a continuous cyclic movement. The two dots in the diagram symbolise the sentiment that each one of the forces reaches its extreme, it contains in itself the seed of the opposite. Life says Chuang Tzuis the blended harmony of the yin and the yang. Taoism permeates the economic and social lives of the Chinese through geomancy, qigong, Chinese medicine and idol worship. As Chan observesAlmost every hotel, office and commercial building that has gone up within the last decade adheres to certain principles of geomancy or Fengshui ? the art and science of harmonising man and nature. 4. Idealism and Pragmatism. The Western idea of democracy does not fit into the Eastern scheme of things easily. In an interview by the Daily Telegraph on 16 October 1989 the former Prime Minister remarked thatI think in a mainly Chinese electorate, the idea of a loyal opposition and an alternative regime does not come easily. Youre either for or against the government. The Confucianistic idea of social hierarchy where a persons existence is relational, extending from his family, society and country. The pragmatism of the East is exemplied in the way Confucianism has been utilize to emphasize order through social hierarchy and the rules and conventions. Taoism provided the meaning of conduct and thus compliment Confucianism. Confucius preached the doctrine of the here and now.The emphasis is one of life and life and not life and death. The sage hoped to hear the right way in the morning, and die in the evening without regret. What lays the foundation of life for the Chinese is the family and the continuation of the family also means the passing on of experience, culture and thought . The Taoists has an equal view of life and death seeing life and death as the coming out and passing game back of a human form of existence. Chuang Tsu talks of coming and going . Lao Tzu said,out to life, in to death. The crux of the matter is to make the best of the present.

Lean Management Solve Bank Dhofar Proplems Information Technology Essay

Lean Management Solve jargon building Dhofar Proplems Information technical schoolnology EssayNumber of avers and financial institution in the word and spicily in Oman implement such worry standard of lean to achieve best c commensurate process going through transition need more of banks secured. That chroma comes from, speed of operation activities, fall the cost, good product and increase node knowledge. A leading bank in Oman called Bank Dhofar involve in legion(predicate) IT activities and steps to amend guest satisfaction. Report leave behind go through the finding and gives recommendations.Key words atmosphere Automatic Teller MachineSDM offend Deposit MachineHSP High Payment SystemsWISAL- One of phone Center table dish out- customer inquiresISO International Organization for StandardizationIT Information TechnologyEMV Europay / MasterCard/ Visa1.0 existenceBank Dhofar is moving forward to twirl m any(prenominal) run effectively. Excellent service may not achieve or reach un slight bank successfully implements such activities to provide the quality in best way of Bank service offered. To satisfying Bank customer through providing high service it forget alter the bring out come in productivity side and leave increaseOperation value. It is hard to achieve this hold openy of services because it request elementary background in the organization. On the same hand Bank Dhofar need to offer libertine, bestand high quality services more to their customers. It needs to be reliable when such services lunch because it needs to succeed the organization.ISO 9001 has defined the service as leaning activities (Noor Aida Idris. 2008). Bank Dhofar is offering many kind of service to his customer and prefers the IT channel. TI services are high technology of Bank process, tool and information offered by Bank to their staff as well as customers.Focusing on profitability is the main objective for any commercial organization such as Bank dhof er to achieve maximum profits and rectify shareholder return. Globule banks finickyly the large of them believes that if e-banking delivery channel such as cash dispensers, SMS banking, inter dinero, deposit machines (CDM) and call center if deployed in good manner will deliver to reduce the cost of operation activates which operate to enhance the bank profitability. According to Nsouli Schaechter (2002) in 1996 a survey published by Booz-Allen Hamiltoan addressed e-banking come out with the estimated cost of daily transitions in united state of full branch service is 1.07 US dollar per transaction, while send for banking cost 54 cent, ATM 27 cent and meshing banking 1.5 cent. Forester (2003) has come out with research cover most largest bank in Europe state that the cost of any simple transaction that branch teller make is more costly by 14 metres if we comber it with online transaction cost. This research found that if customer made transaction in bank branch will cost th em astir(predicate) 1 dollar cumbering with 60 cent if he made it through telephone call, while using the same transaction online will reduce it to 0.02 cent. Moreover improving e-channel will develop customer relationship by providing 24/7 online excess of banking services on time and whenever he need. E-banking has direct benefit and indirect. Direct benefit through reducing operation cost, overhead cost, faster transactions, less sue loading, reduce customer waiting queues and allow staff more free time which may used for marketing purpose.Here are around good examples of Bank Dhofar e-banking channels2.0 ATMBank Dhofar is increasing dependent on use of information technology (IT) in carrying out business operations. The management of IT function has become very critical (Okunoye et al, 2007) due to implementation of IT based banking and ATM system as rapid use of advanced communication net work for connecting multiple location across the country. The latest of last century wa s the age of processing engineering (D.Dilijonas D. Zavrid, 2008). The growing dependence on technology for managing business also exposes the organization to substantial IT security risks.2.1 Before ATMATM is net work Technology offer high speed (T.Pham, 1998). Before ATM invented all commercial Banks and spicily Bank Dhofar were facing allot of difficulty those problems brought a headache to all Bank staff spicily cashier when salaries has been ascribe in customers accounts a long queue of customer stretching in front of cashier window waiting for their salaries and they feel uncomfortable with Bank services. likewise cahier in trouble he/ she should work faster than he could which made him makes mistakes, this mistakes either shortages or access, it need a lot of time to discover it and near time cashier pay that deference. Some time customer need to know their account balance, lease statement or small inquire about their account situation they should reach the Bank or any b ranches. In the same time if customer needs an urgent liquidity when Bank close, at that place is no way to have it and this problem become bigger if the next day is holyday, which may make a big loss to that customer.But afterward ATM is coming up every thing has change to good a lot of problems disappear and customer served will, cost reduced, quality of service improved and money reachable for 24 hours / 7 days a week only it need to insert your ATM observations.2.2 ObjectivesThe ATMs and SDMs play an important role in the Banks retail and corporate banking strategy byProviding a 24 hours / 365 days a year (S.Yoshizawa J.Makiwo, 2001) automate service comprising cash deposits withdrawal, curb deposits, utility commit payment, credit card payment, transfer of funds, mini statement, cheque request, etc.Reliving pressure at the cash counters and ensuring that all transitions are processed online, real time so no further back end processing is required.Reducing the risk of forged currency notes being deposited, since SDMs are programmed to detect counterfeit notes. modify the Bank to protect both its retail and corporate customer base.Offering customer the convenience of choice of locations from which they sack up carry out their basic banking activities.Displaying to the mankind a progressive image of the Bank.Although set up primarily to provide a vital customer service, cost effectiveness of ATMs and SDMs improves progressively in simile to their utilization.The aim must therefore beTo make every personal accountholder a debit cardholder and,To direct all corporate customer to the CDMs for their cash / cheque deposit.2.3 ChallengesOne of the most challenges that effect ATMs as will as CDMs is security. The global problem of ATMs / CDMs fraud is constantly evolving word wide, while the industry is trying to contend in all fronts. Fraudsters have been innovative and evolve new techniques starting from a simple card trapping, cash swap to sophisti cated techniques like skimming, card trapping, cash tapping etc. and brute force attacks. Fraudsters have been moving to markets which are considered less non-EMV or non-CHIP markets. The card associations, ATM Vendors, financial institution all have been working together to combat this fraud.By taking a few measures Bank Dhofar could do a bit in combating this menace and improve customer confidence in the popular ATMs / CDMs channel.3.0 HPS Power Card3.1 IntroductionOne of the main things that Bank Dhofar is trying to achieve is improving the existing product and this we can find it clear when Bank Dhofar get into the Power Card. Power Card is an ATM Switch and debit Management System supplied by High Tech Payment Systems (HPS), Morocco. It will replace the existing legacy system call Sparrow from CR2. Power CARD can be accessed using Internet Explorer. It will be initially accessible Card Center, Operation Department, Call Centre, Retail Banking, IT and branches.3.2 What are the primary objectives of this project and implementation?Improving customer service at Card / Call Center, improved operations and MIS such as SMS alerts for ATM customers, new services like EMV acquiring, EMV issuing, Balance Enquiry on international ATMs foreign GCC, enabling of debit cards on Internet, security and compliance with International Payment Network mandates.The new system is already certified for EMV (Europay / MasterCard/Visa) which would enable Bank Dhofar to issue CHIP based debit card and also accept CHIP based international VISA Card on our ATMs.A Debit / Credit Cared is a bank card used to make electronic withdrawal of cash through Automated Teller Machines (ATM) or pay for goods and services at point-of sales terminal or on the world- Wide web (internet) or obtain cash advances from ATM, up to- agreed credit limits.4.0 New Call Center Service WISALThe field of relation design has increased its concentrate to know how systems of technology-based products are imp lemented (Forlizzi, J. 2007). Life become fast and Bank Dhofar cerebrate on that by offer new service that helps his customers to reach the Bank and finish his need on faster way, so they introduce new service all Wisal. Wisal is a toll free service offered by Bank Dhofar Call Center it allows the customer to contact Call Center using special identification number to request some servicesIt is a latest offering comes in line with the banks strategy to move closer to its clients and provide convenient, fast and customer friendly services.WISAL is backed by state of the technology to enable it to become an efficient and effective touch point and deliver channel. The staffs of WISAL are exceedingly trained to deliver the kind of quality services that hopefully will help bank to gain more customers and retain existing ones.WISAL Services will includeGeneral InquiriesLoan InquiriesChaque Book RequestProduct Service InformationCredit Card Balance Other Related InquiriesComplaint mani pulation ResolutionMoney TransferATM Transaction InquiresAnd more..5.0 Internet BankingBank Dhofar is one of a leading banks in Oman that introduce Internet banking to reduce the transaction cost and improve customers satisfaction, where there is combined relationship between customer and internet banking affecting the bank achievement. Bank Dhofar and other banks in Oman introduce internet banking to fulfill customers different requests specially when technology allow that aiming to enhance customer satisfaction, attracting those new customers and bring back existing ones. Majority of world banks and local anaesthetic especially in Oman like bank Dhofar are provide their customers by variety internet free service in order to promote the customer to transfer to electronic method rather than using the traditional one.In 2002 a research on Internet bankers shone that 37% of online banking services directive to 18 % of European peoples. Research also expected the number will reach th e double bringing new generation of self services while such research was absent in my country.Bank Dhofar online services have design to satisfy customers by offering Varity of services like-Paying utility bills orderliness cheque bookHave account statementCheck the balance accountCheck payment and receivingSee the bank productRecently, bank dhofar tend to educate his customers by deploying his staff across Oman to satisfy them and check bank expectation.6.0 Self Service Module of Helps DeskThe bank has installed IT Help Desk Software in the IT variation (ITD) to track and control the software, ATM, Network and hardware related support request received by IT Department from branches and head office departments. This will further improve the quality of service from ITD to IT users in the bank.The IT Help Desk system is an internal software application used to track all support calls / request received by ITD in a centralized, searchable database for easy reference by IT staff, ena bling quick resolution to issues and simplifying the tracking of issues.The staff branches and head office will be able to input their support call / requests using Web based system. As the request is input by the user staff, the system generate a work order history for future reference.7.0 FindingMany financial institution may facing some technical problems in designing new systems or product that enhance operation activities but Bank Dhofar has achieve good performance in introducing new IT technology to serve his customer very will, offer new and chosen product and concentrate on IT Technology aiming to provide better service, reduce the cost, improve productivities and satisfied the customers.As a branch manager with 14 years in banking sector I observed that e-channel especially like ATM has played most important role to improved customer satisfaction, display e-banking knowledge and develop customer attitude from banking services. Recently customer has improved his knowledge about bank product and services through concord the important of e-channel and how it make easy of banking transaction to save customer time meanwhile, bank dhofar has deployed ATM and other e-channel in Oman to satisfied itself through reducing bank expenses on transaction and satisfied his customer by reduce waiting time in branches.8.0 ConclusionReport has focused on Bank Dhofar engender in implementing the successful of one operation management aspect Lean Management and how it solve many operational problem which lead to enhance the Bank productivity and achieve customer satisfactions.9.0 RecommendationOne of good thing that Bank Dhofar planned to achieve is introduce new IT technology to maximize the benefits and meet new business challenges, this true but during this investigation I find that Bank Dhofar still need to focus on the technology of this century same using internet banking to provide faster communication that enhances Bank success. Because its the latest techno logy that occupied the country last deceit and number of using internet is expanded daily.

Inventory Management of Nepalese Public Enterprises

store Management of Nepalese Public EnterprisesCHAPTER-2Review of Literature in that location argon many researches make in memorandum Management of Nepalese Public enterprises and Private enterprises. Most of them has made on the manufacturing enterprises. In this chapter attempts has been made to present the reappraisal of literature regarding retention reign overment.2.1 Conceptual FrameworkInventory ManagementThe writer (Saxena, 2009, p. 2) defines coat up as any kind of idol resource that has potential stinting value considered as locked up capital. Inventory is a list of sounds and substantives which is acquirable in impart by business (Saxena, 2009). Other write (Li, 2007, p. 175) defines p arntage as the stock of any items or resources used in an face. Stock consists of all advanceds and materials that atomic number 18 stored by an organization which is unplowed for future use (Waters, 2003). According to (Roy, 2005, p. 100) descent is list of goods or item s.Inventory charge is the active control program which allows the management of sales, purchases and payments (Inventorymanagement). The compose (Saxena, 2009, p. 2) refers inventory management as a execute of managing natural materials, semi- complete products and ideal-products by a firm. The inventory management is a set of the process and policies that determines what inventory level should be maintained, what stock should be replenished and how large erect should be (Li, 2007, p. 175). According to (Toomey, 2003, p. 1) inventory management is a branch of business management which concerned in readiness and controlling inventories.Effective stock management nitty-gritty providing the desired stock service level or maximizing your profit while at the said(prenominal) age keeping your total stock follow as low as possible bySelecting products that initially allot, well and discontinuing those that stop selling. get the decent measure (how frequently to buy) get at t he remunerate while (when to buy)Keeping your total inventory enthronement in balance with the expected levels of salesTo control damages and improve profit, it is obligatory to actively manage every(prenominal) asset we own. And it is particularly true of the management of goods and material we buy and keep on land every far our own use or for resale. The goal of inventory management is to increase profit on inventory while change magnitude customer services (Frazelle, 2002, p. 91)The dictionary meaning of inventory is stock of goods or a list of goods. Various authors define the word inventory in their ways. In accounting language may mean stock of end goods. In a manufacturing concern, it may include b be-ass materials, work in process and stores. To chthonianstand the exact meaning of inventory the word inventory we may study it form the usage side and from the point of entry in the operationAmong the different aspects of management, inventory management is also one o f the major factors to course significant role in management of material , part supplies, expenses tools , working process, finished products and then accede on the books and maintenance of store rooms, warehouses by an organization is cognise as inventory management .2.2 Nature of InventoryThe company holds different kinds of inventories to obtain their goals (Waters, 2003). Basically we can divide inventory into three key which are pastime,Raw materialWork in progressFinished goods(Toomey, 2003, pp. 20-21)Raw MaterialThe stocks or inventories and purchase parts which is not part of manufacturing process is called unprocessed material (Toomey, 2003). Raw materials are those basic introduces that put one over to be gone through the different process to convert into finished goods.Raw materials inventories are much(prenominal) kind of inventories which have been purchased and stored for future manufacturing process. Raw materials are hold in store by manufacturing company t o smooth running of turnout process. The author defines raw material as those kinds of stocks which is imported from suppliers and are store until needed for manufacture (Waters, 2003, p. 9).Work in progressWork in progress refers to inventory units that are currently being worked on (Waters, 2003, p. 9). Work in progress inventories are uncomplete a finished product nor raw materials. It is middle of raw materials and finished product. The author (Toomey, 2003, pp. 20-21) defines work in progress (WIP) inventories are those kinds of inventories which are in different phase of completion throughout the manufacturing process. It is very difficult to separate which materials are WIP and which are not. Because the same materials may be a raw material in one industry and same material may be a WIP as well as finished goods in early(a) industry. It depends upon nature of production.Finished goodsThe finished goods inventory represents products that are ready for sale. According to (To omey, 2003, pp. 20-21) finished goods are those items which are awaiting shipment to customers. Finished goods inventories includes all the completed products which going to be sell (Muller, 2003, pp. 19-20).These are goods fully manufactured inspected and ready for dispatch to a customer. In manufacturing firm, these are the final output of the production process. Stocks of finished goods are held by manufacturing and non-manufacturing company for market operation.2.3 Purpose of inventoryInventory is the most of the essence(p) to all manufacturing organization in todays industrial world and it plays vital role to exist the company. So it is necessary to manage it properly because both situations of inventories either unjustified or wanting(predicate) are not acceptable to the firm. There are two larger points within which the firm should operate. The objective of inventory management should be to determine and maintain optimum level of inventory investment. The optimum level of inventory will lie between two danger points of excessive and inadequate inventories.According to (Wild, 2002, p. 7) the propose of the inventory management function in supporting in the business activities is to optimize the three sectors customer services, inventory embody and operational cost. The author refers about purpose of inventory like this the inventory is give rised when put up excesses the demand. The main purpose of holding the inventory in the company is to prevent from famine of raw materials, expected demand, to gain more profit (Li, 2007, p. 176).Firm should always aware from over investment or to a decline place-investment in the inventories. Over investment and under investment in inventory is unhealthy for the company. Due to over investment into inventory, makes unnecessary tie-up and the amount which we cant invest in early(a) purpose, increasing carrying costs, risk of liquidity. Excessive carrying costs will directly effect in the company profit. Due to over inventories it may not be possible to sell them in time and at full value. Similarity, WIP is far more difficult to sell because as we said before WIP is not finished goods. In the same way finished goods inventory should sold at low prices due to fall in the price in market and the seasonal factors. So, more investment in inventories is harmful to producer/company. It should be cut down.Similarly, under investment in inventories also not good for company. It carries some problems such as production hold-ups, frequent production interruptions. If finished goods are not sufficient, we do not meet the customers demand and our goodwill also loss. Thus, the objectives of inventory management should be neither excessive nor inadequate level of inventories but maintaining sufficient inventory level for the smooth production and sales operations. An optimum level of inventory should be goaded on the basis of the trade-off between costs and benefits. The various importance of inv entory management can be summarized up as followsPredictabilityUnreliability of supplyPrice protectionLower ordering costAnticipated demand2.7 Procedure of Inventory ManagementThese are lot of function have to be done For the achievement of its objectives business performs a big variety of function, namely production, marketing, personnel, office research and training of these production and marketing are basic operate functions in a typical business enterprise. Marketing is concerned with the demand side of goods and services, while production is concerned with the supply side. One cannot exist without former(a) however, decisions about the production activities constitute one of the most important functions of the top management. Production is concerned with the provision of goods and services for the satisfaction of the customer wants. Therefore the consumer depends upon the good economical and efficient production system good inventory management there should be used differen t activities in ought procedure or manner. superior general activities such as acquire, receiving, store-keeping and issuing and pricing are the procedure of inventory management. They are described as follows2.7.1 PurchasingPurchasing is the fulcrum when it comes to meeting customer demands (Johnson, 2010) . Purchasing is the most important function of inventory management to select the suppliers, because it brings significant saving for the organization (Elanchezhian, et al 2010). All organization need various kinds of scuttlebutt like goods and services form external suppliers. The writers ( Baily, Farmer, Jessop, jones, 2005, pp. 3-4) define purchasing as to acquire reclaim quantity of material, at the right time, in the right quantity, from the right source, at the right price. In simple words purchasing is relate to going the open market finding the require materials at the lowest price and selecting the supplier who chaps it at that price having the quality of the mater ials in minds. In fact the process of inventory management begins with purchasing .The need for particular materials initiates purchasing in a firm. A good purchasing management has played important role in the manufacturing companies. We should pay more attention in the purchasing raw materials, supplies in the right quantity of the right quality from the right origin at the right time and cost. The production is hampered the scarcity of raw materials on time, purchasing department should take grater responsibilities and should analysis the existing procural policy and should tune with the overall organizational objectives and policies. We can improve management of purchase by the abet of standardization, value analysis, material substitution, transportation saving and cost reduction of packing modification.There are the following functions of a purchase department.How to purchase?Where to purchase?How much to purchase?At what price to purchase?To perform there function effectivel y, the purchase department follows the following proceduresReceiving purchase segregationExploring the sources of supply and choosing of suppliersPreparation and consummation of purchase order.Receiving and inspecting materials.Checking and issuing of bills for payment.3The objectives of purchase department is to arrange the supply of materials, spare parts and services or semi-finished goods demand for desired production .Walters observes purchasing functions as The Procurement and Purchase of the proper materials, machinery, equipment and supplies for stores used in the manufacturing of a product adopted to marketing in the proper quality at the proper time and at the lowest price constant with desired.Purchasing now become a specialized function in many organization wasting expenses that Purchasing is a managerial activity that goes beyond the simple act of buying and includes the planning and policy, objectives covering wide range of related and complimentary included in such activities are the research and growth required for the proper selection of materials and sources from which these materials may be brought.4In the words of matter industrial purchasing is The procurement by purchase of Alfred and Beauty .Principles of industrial the proper adopted to marketing in the proper quantity and quality at the proper time and at the lowest price consistently with the quality desired A Purchasing means a policy well planned, Procedures free from much formalities and development of up to date rules and techniques of higher standard to reveal efficiency and economy.52.7.2 Receipt and Store KeepingAfter sometimes of placing the order, flow-up process starts to get quick oral communication of the items. The items are received by the purchasing department at the time of delivery and received items are compared with purchase order and actual materials received should be entered in goods received note. Then all items received by the purchasing department shoul d be passed into store for protection against deterioration and pilferage. They are stored in such a way that their location is easily place at the time of issue The store function involves both keeping the store of materials and keeping the store records, the former being physical task and the later being accounting task depending upon the nature and requirements of the organizations the stores are classified as centralized and decentralized store.6In the words of Maynard, the duties of store keeping are to receive materials to protect than while in storage from damage and unauthorized removal to issue the materials in the right quantity at the right time , to the right place and to provide these services promptly and at least costs.Good store keeping should armed service achieve location identification, receipt and issue without delay. Storage space should be economically utilized and materials should be protected against deterioration, fine theft, details of quantities should b e available on request. General code numbers are assigned to materials for easy identification. Materials may be stored in bin, rack, drawer, tray, boxes or floor area.7Store keeping in the activity of receiving or distributing stores or supplies, stores included direct raw materials, indirect materials (supplies) and finished goods8Generally the physical stock available in the store afterwards counting, weighting , measuring , listing as the case may be is properly recorded by only of the following methods.2.7.3 Issued and PricingMaterials are kept in stores so that the storekeeper may issue them whenever these are required by the production departments. Materials should be issued on receipt of materials requisition of Bill of materials under proper authority to avoid the misappropriation of materials.9Materials issued from the stores are debited to the jobs or work orders which received them and credited to the materials account. These jobs are debited with the value of material issued to them.10Each item at bottom the inventory has some value associated with it. This value depends on the price duration of the item inside the inventory, procurement cost, storage cost etc. Generally the time of purchase and time of issue of any items are different and the market prices of the items also vary with time. Thus, for costing purposes, the problems of pricing at the time of issue are great signification.112.7.4 Cost Basis for Inventory ValuationThe primary basis of accounting for inventory is cost which has been defined generally as the price gainful to considerate given to acquire an asset. As applied to inventories, cost means in principal the sum of the applicable expenditure and changes directly or indirectly incurred in bringing an article to its existing condition and location.12Conceptually the process of valuation the inventory is simple. We can calculate inventory value that multiplying physical quantity of goods by cost per unit. But in practice, many organizations purchase different types of raw materials at different price and differenttime. Price of materials changes time to time. There are many types of raw materials remain in the stock. It is not always possible to identify the individual particular purchase group. At the solution firms have faced difficulties in valuation the inventories. In this situation there are many methods which are based on historical cost used in determining the value of inventory area. First In First Out regularityUnder the First In First Out method the units are assumed to have been disposed of in the order in which they were acquired and the units remaining are assumed to be those which were acquired last. This assumption is realistic in that good merchandising requires that older stock be moved to the front and new purchases placed in back of the bin. Consequently the oldest merchandise in sold first, because sales orders are filled from the front of the bins. The last merchandise purchased rem ains in the inventory.13b. Last In First Out MethodUnder this method, the cost of goods sold consists of the cost of the most recently acquired goods, and the ending inventory consists of the cost of the oldest goods which were available for sale during the period.14This method does not conform to the physical flow of the units of goods but is unless widely used. In periods of steadily rising prices, the inventory value will be at the lower cost of the earliest units acquired. The value of the inventory on the statement of financial position is a conservative one. In the statement of income the cost of goods sold is higher, and when costs increase net income is lower resulting in lower income taxes of course, in periods of falling prices, the results will be opposite, the cost of good sold will be lower and net income will be higher. Under last in first out method, whether costs are rising or falling, the net income over a series of years shows less variation.15.c. Specific Price o r Identification MethodUnder this method, materials issued to production are priced at their purchase prices. The basic assumption in following this method is that materials in the stores are capable of being identified as belonging to specific lots. Identification can be made by placing some distinguishing mark usually price tag on every lot. When materials are issued, price tags are removed and forwarded to the costing department for ascertaining the material cost of production.This method is simple in its mechanism and operation. This method does not create accounting complications as are associated with the working of FIFO, last in first out and average methods. But this method is useful where job costing is in operation and the actual material issued can be identified. It is also suited to the needs of a small business enterprise when a small number of items of materials are purchased and stored which can be easily identified.16d. Base Stock MethodEach concern always maintains a minimum quantity of material in stock. This minimum quantity is known as safety or base stock and this should be used only when an emergency arises. The base stock is created out of the first lot the material purchased and, therefore, it is always valued at the cost price of the first lot and is carried forward as a fixed asset.This method works with some separate method and is generally used with FIFO or LIFO method. Any quantity over and above the base stock is issued in accordance with the other method which is used in conjunction with this method. The objective of this method is to issue the material according to the current prices. This objective will be achieved only when the LIFO method is used together with the Base Stock method.172.8 Cost Associated with InventoryThere are many cost associated with the size of inventory directly either advocating to decrease the inventory size or suggesting an increase in the inventory size, for an effective inventory analysis and contro l of the system one should have take place picture about the behavior of cost associated with different factors. Different kinds of costs associated with inventory management are explained below.a. Carrying costCarrying cost per period, c, represent the cost of inventory storage, treatment and insurance, together with the required rate of return on the investment in inventory. These costs are assumed to be constant per unit of inventory per unit of time.18Cost incurred for maintaining a given level of inventory are called carrying cost.Carrying cost means storing cost. It starts when raw-materials are placed in warehouse and it continuous until finished goods have not produced except production cost. When we carry raw- materials to production spot and there make final product and that final product we carry into stock. In course of carrying to production spot and returned back to warehouse may labor, handling cost, this cost is also included in carrying costs. However the size of i nventory increases, the carrying cost also increases. The carrying costs and the inventory size are positively related and move in the same direction.Carrying cost is the first category of inventory management cost which is generally associated harmoniseally with the average value of inventory.19Total carrying cost vary in proportion to the value of inventory usually they are computed from the following formula.Total carrying cost = Average inventory * carrying cost per unitSymbolically TCC = Q/2 *CWhere,Q = Quantity order sizeb. parliamentary law costOrdering cost represent all of the cost of placing and receiving an order. When a firm is ordering from an external source, these include the costs of preparing the purchase requisition, expediting the order (long-distance calls and follow-up letters), receiving and inspecting the shipment and handling charge.In practice, the cost per order generally contains both fixed and variable components, since a portion of the cost- such as th at of receiving and inspecting the order- normally varies with the quantity ordered. Ordering cost may different in the sense of inventories nature. Such as for Raw-materials- ordering cost involves the clerical cost in placing an order as well as certain costs of receiving and checking the goods once they arrive. For finished goods- ordering cost involves scheduling a production run. And for work-in-progress- ordering costs are likely to involve nonentity more than record keeping.Ordering cost the fixed expense in the preparation and execution of an order for goods.20Ordering cost increase in proportion to the number of orders placed. Thus more frequently the inventor is acquired, higher the firms ordering costs. On the other hand ordering costs decrease with increasing size of inventory.Generally ordering costs involvesCost of placing an orderRequisitioning costTransportation/shipping costReceiving, inspecting and storing costsSales tax, Customs, etcClearing and forwarding costs restitution of raw-materialsStationary costBank commission/ L.C. chargesTelephone/Fax/Postage expense to follow upCost incurred when raw-materials in transitFirms usually offer discount for purchase materials in large quantity. Such discount helps reduction in the unit price of the items purchases, such facilities encourage buyers to place a fewer orders rather than placing small onceOrdering cost is calculated by following formulaOrdering cost = Annual Requirement/Quantity order size *Ordering cost per unitSymbolically,TOC = A/Q x O2.9 Inventory trunksThe inventory accounting system can be Periodic System or continuous system.2.10 Inventory Management ModelsPush and Pull ModelsInventory management models can be classified either push or consecrate modelsa. Push Inventory ModelsPush models schedule orders for production or order good in advance or customer demand. Manufactures push the finished products through the distribution channel to intermediaries and the final consumer. Ec onomic Order Quantity (EOQ), Material Requirement planning (MRPI), Manufacturing Resource mean (MRIP II) and distribution requirement planning (DRP) are all push models.i. Economic order quantity (EOQ)In an ideal environment, forecasting demand would be easy and straight forward. Simply look at past demand patterns to predict future consumption. Under these conditions, EOQ model can be used to calculate when to order the item and how much to order. The basic EOQ equality is as followsEOQ = 2PD/CVWhere,P=Cost of placing one order in rupeesD = Annual demand for the productC = Annual inventory carrying cost expresses as a percentage of products cost of value.V = Average cost or value of one unit of inventoryii. Material Requirement Planning (MRPI)MRPI is a computer- based management information system designed to manage dependent demand inventory items in the transformation process of operations management. This computerized inventory system was developed in the 1960s to deal primar ily with the timing the tedious record keeping of dependent demand inventory transactions.Many researchers confide that MRP systems historically have made a fundamental software development contribution that has helped cause computer-based system to integrate and therefore aid in the development of computer- integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems.21One of the most common dependent demand inventory system used in the United States is the managerial requirement planning (MRP) system.22It supports the planning and control of dependent demand inventory and is most popular in U.S organizations that have substantial dependent demand inventory to manage. It includes any products that are made from dependent demand inventory items such has components or raw materials. MRP processes information for production scheduling and capacity planning as well.As an inventory management system, MRP can be used to plan inventory needs over a fixed planning horizon. Although MRP can plan inventory requi rement for a period of from a single day to several years, the information the program generator is usually based on workweekly intervals. In MRP terminology, the weekly (or other time period chosen) are referred to as time buckets. One of the primary objectives of an MRP system is provide an adequate supply of dependent demand inventory when required fro production. MRP also seeks to provide useful inventory, production scheduling, and capacity planning information for inventory control proposes.There are two types of MRP systemsRegenerative SystemThis is a day-after-day data input system. Under this system, changes in input data are saved until a specific time, such as the end of a week or end of a month. Changes are then run on a group of batch basis.Net-change SystemThis is a continuous data input system. Under this system, changes are immediately entered into the computer. New MRP planning information is then recomputed for all of the elements in the inventory system that are affected by the changes.iii. Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP II) SystemThe basis MRP system simply handles the materials aspects of production/ operations control. No real account is taken of capacity implications Therefore one more modern system developed in Manufacturing resources planning (MRPII) system24In addition to producing the detailed material plan, the system can produce detailed capacity plans provided it has the necessary job-routing data and so on. The implementation of these plans allows shop-floor and purchase control to be carried out. MRP II is essentially a computer system. It has been suggested by Oliver Wight that MRP/ MRP II implementations can be classified on a four- point scale, from A to D. Table no . Briefly describes these states.ClassCharacteristicsDMRP working in data-processing department only unworthy inventory recordsMaster schedule mismanagedReliance on shortage lists for progressingCUsed for inventory ordering, not schedulingScheduling by s hortage listsoverladen master scheduleBSystem includes capacity planning, shop-floor controlUsed to plan production, not manage the businessHelps still needed from shortage listsInventory higher than necessaryAUses closed-loop MRPIntegrates capacity planning, shop-floor control, vendor schedulingUsed to plan sales, engineering, purchasingNo shortage lists to over-ride schedulesMost organization implementing MRP/ MRP II are on the course of instruction from class D status to class A status. A difficult faced is knowing, in a quantitative sense, where on the path the organization is, and what steps to take to effect improvements.iv. Distribution Requirement Planning (DRP)DRP applies MRP II principles to the flow of finished goods to field warehouses and customers. Although MRP II improved MRP by victorious into account both material management and production scheduling. It failed to account for this out bound movement. DRP adjusts ordering patterns of inventory needs vary, responds more readily to system wide inventory needs and better deals with product availability and receipt timing.b. Pull Inventory ModelPull inventory models are based on do goods once customer demand is known . The product is inclineed through the channel of distribution by the order. Recent trends suggest a movement to use pull inventory models to reduce inventory throughout the channels. JIT and KanBan are the must widely used pull inventory models.i. KanBan Pull ModelThe KanBan Mean visual record and is the production control system the uses JIT production system, allowing production with smaller inventories, KanBan is also referred to as card system, a single card KanBan and two card KanBan system.ii. whizz Card KanBanThe single card kanban system uses only a conveyance (move) kanban and no production kanban. The single card kanban is must common used in Japan.25iii. Two card KanBanInventroy is usually controlled at low levels by using a manual two card KanBan system. One card is c onveyance KanBan, the requisition and authorization of transferenceof materials form supply center to work center. A second card the production KanBan, authorizes the production of materials.2